Principal instructional leadership (PIL) refers to the management of school curriculum, instruction, and assessment by the principal of a school. It is essential to measure the extent of the instructional leadership provided by principals and to propose means of improving instructional leadership. The principal instructional leadership scale…

How can researchers better understand the mindsets of educators regarding their work with parents in order to build better relationships among adults to support each and every child? Before recently, a lack of clarity about the domain of educators' work when engaging with parents and caregivers stymied efforts to investigate educators' mindsets…

This study aimed to identify, develop, and validate components and indicators of academic management models in the digital era for improving academic achievement in secondary schools under Thailand's Office of the Basic Education Commission. A mixed-method approach was employed, encompassing comprehensive literature review, qualitative content…

Addiction is the state of being addicted to any activity, substance, object or behavior in a way that excludes other activities of one's life or causes physical, mental or social harm to oneself and others. In addition to many and various types of addiction, it seems that an important type of addiction is technology addiction. Today, the dizzying…

Recent years have seen a growing shift toward global inclusive policies. Previous research highlighted the development of inclusive education, which notably requires collaboration among multiple actors (i.e., teachers, paraprofessionals, families). Among the barriers and levers to this implementation, attitudes toward inclusive education have been…

This study investigates the impact of customer willingness to communicate in a second language on the development of employee language skills, with employee oral communication aspiration as a mediator. Additionally, it explores the moderating roles of customer retention management and consumer brand relationship quality in these relationships. The…

Learning is a continuous process involving teachers, students, materials, and the environment to achieve specific goals. One important aspect of learning is the use of learning media. This study develops a learning media in the form of a magazine on the human circulatory system and an inventory of antihypertensive medicinal plants in Sari Makmur…

This study investigated the role of ChatGPT4o as an AI peer assessor in English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) speaking classrooms, with a focus on its scoring reliability and the effectiveness of its feedback. The research involved 40 first-year English major students from two parallel classes at a Chinese university. Twenty from one class served as…

This study provides validity evidence supporting the interpretation of scores from the Mathematics Vocabulary Self-Efficacy Scale (MVSES), guided by the five sources of validity described in the "Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing" (AERA, APA, & NCME, 2014). A sample of 435 Chinese fourth-grade students participated…

Background: Teacher well-being in Taiwan is challenged by excessive workloads, administrative demands, after-hours digital communications, and societal expectations, leading to stress, burnout, and diminished job satisfaction. Existing tools often assess isolated constructs without integrating emerging stressors like social media pressure.…

Teachers' social-emotional competence (SEC) underpins students' SEC, and selfassessment helps educators identify strengths and areas for improvement. Our study adapted CASEL's Personal SEL Reflection tool for the Estonian educational context. Data from 528 primary and secondary school teachers resulted in a refined and shortened 15-item instrument…

One of the challenges in scoring constructed-response (CR) items and tasks is ensuring that rater drift does not occur during or across scoring windows. Rater drift reflects changes in how raters interpret and use established scoring criteria to assign essay scores. Calibration is a process used to help control rater drift and, as such, serves as…

This study investigated the use of brief observations to measure implementation of small group interventions using the Quality of Intervention Delivery and Receipt (QIDR) tool. Videos of 10-min segments representing the beginning, middle, and end of each 30-min intervention lesson were coded for implementation. Results indicated that (a)…

This is the sixth and culminating study in a series whose purpose has been to acquire a conceptual understanding of school band performance and to develop an assessment based on this understanding. With the present study, we cross-validated and applied a rating scale for school band performance. In the cross-validation phase, college students…

Drawing upon a wider piece of research, this paper focuses on the validation of a 'use of assessment' scale in five Portuguese public universities with 5549 students. The study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the scale, to describe how students look at assessment uses, to analyse their utility perceptions of assessment, and to…