We analyze the most comprehensive dataset on U.S. school board elections. We find that nearly half of races go uncontested and that incumbents are reelected more than 80 percent of the time when they run. Because many incumbents retire instead of running for another term, however, turnover is high (with 53 percent of incumbents replaced in a…

Objective: We examined the association between microaggressions, discrimination, and transgender students' experience of food insecurity (FI). Participants: Data were from the National College Health Assessment conducted 2019-2022. Of 334,957 participants, 8,618 were transgender. Methods: Descriptive statistics and mediation analyses were…

The purpose of this study is to examine the association between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) severity and having a special education or early intervention plan and the impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on this association. This study used the 2020-2021 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) and included 2,537 children aged 3-17…

Purpose: There is a growing body of research on developmental language disorder (DLD), but very few studies have focused on the role of cognitive abilities in adulthood. The present study explored the relationship between cognition and language in adults with and without DLD. Method: Sixty participants, 30 language typical (LT) adults and 30 with…

Purpose: Sleep is crucial for cognitive functioning and memory consolidation. Existing literature shows a strong association between sleep deprivation and poor academic performance and a substantial increase in research publications in recent years. This manuscript identifies top contributors, key research themes, and emerging trends, and predicts…

Background/purpose: The use of digital tools influences academic performance, either improving learning or distracting students. In that framework, the research was conducted to analyze how the use of digital tools influences the academic performance of university students from a cross-sectional perspective. The objective was to investigate the…

While the educational value of formative assessment is widely acknowledged, the precise amount needed to effectively predict student performance on summative assessments remains unclear. This study investigates the relationship between intermediate formative assessment performance and final exam scores, addressing the critical question of how much…

Student-student relationships, as forms of peer interaction, are central components in school life and exert positive effects on children. Based on social cognitive theory, the current study examined the mediating effect of perceived discrimination on the association between student-student relationships and bullying victimization and the…

We estimate the impact of education on voter turnout and partisanship using a regression discontinuity design based on school-entry cutoffs and exact date of birth. Drawing on nationwide administrative voter registration data, we find that individuals who were slotted to enter school one year earlier are more likely to vote and more likely to…

An effective whole-school transformation toward inclusion must be led by school principals and their teachers. Principals should encourage their teachers to collaborate by creating a school structure that supports inclusion, and effective school leaders cultivate teacher academic optimism. However, limited studies have investigated the…

Background/purpose: Academic procrastination is widely recognized as a common challenge to academic performance. Self-compassion, on the other hand, is considered a potential protective factor that may mitigate such maladaptive behaviours. These psychological constructs, though important for academic performance, have received little attention in…

Introduction: Developing a clear vocational self-concept is a vital task in adolescent career development. Understanding and exploring one's vocational identity not only aids teenagers in forming positive career expectations but also serves as the foundation for engaging in proactive and rational career behaviors. Methods: This study investigates…

This study compared Stepwise Logistic Regression (Stepwise-LR) and three machine learning (ML) methods--Classification and Regression Trees (CART), Random Forest (RF), and Generalized Boosted Modeling (GBM) for estimating propensity scores (PS) applied in causal inference. A simulation study was conducted considering factors of the sample size,…

Temperament and externalizing problems are closely linked, but research on how they codevelop across adolescence remains sparse and equivocal. Reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) provides a useful framework for understanding temperament and externalizing problems associations. During adolescence, oppositional problems are posited to be linked…

Objective: The systematic review was used to evaluate the relationship between fundamental movement skills (FMS) and physical activity (PA) in preschoolers. Data sources: PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang databases were searched for terms related to preschoolers' FMS and PA from the establishment to July, 2022. Results: 21…