The role of elaborative interrogation in children's learning of facts was investigated in 2 experiments involving 211 female and 185 male Canadian fourth through eighth graders. When compared to the facts alone, precise elaborations given by the experimenter, or learner-constructed imagery, elaborative interrogation produced better learning in…

Sixty-nine female college students report more depressive symptoms and more maladaptive attributional styles than 64 male college students as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory and the Expanded Attributional Style Questionnaire. A study involving 77 male and 95 female college students' responses to the Selves Questionnaire supports these…

Attempts to apply D. Lawton's concept of curriculum as a selection from a culture to planning curricula for post-Apartheid South Africa. Examines which groups might do the selecting, choosing from which cultures, and the possibility of a common curriculum for a country divided along racial and ethnic lines. (JB)

Recent Canadian studies of gender differences in science achievement suggest that science achievement, attitudes, and participation are interrelated. Also noted is a female focus on getting the right answer rather than understanding the process. Participation differences among provinces and between English and French speakers are discussed.…

As part of a longitudinal study of psychosocial development, 148 girls and 130 boys were administered a questionnaire about a close friend in their eighth grade school year. The subjects began the study in the sixth grade. Findings on intimacy and emotional closeness are discussed concerning gender socialization and friendship. (SLD)

The relationship between very early menarche and depression was studied in a sample of 488 girls (336 sixth graders and 152 seventh graders), less than 10 percent of whom were very early maturers. Very early menarche was associated with higher levels of depression than was more normative development. (SLD)

To investigate differences in adolescents' action orientations in difference contexts, 42 sophomore and 41 senior high school students (41 males and 42 females) in vocational or college-preparatory tracks were studied. Differences between the career-preparation action orientation of the college-bound students and the adult-preparation orientation…

To determine whether men dominate language in a mixed-gender adult classroom, 4 lessons were observed and recorded at a training course for 10 supervisors in London. Men helped maintain women's silence by the competitive nature of their discourse. Men's linguistic domination is related to research on children's classrooms. (SLD)

Surveys 58 families in Japan and 67 in the United States with children aged 4 to 6 years (with followup at age 12 years). Demonstrates different preparation for schooling in the two cultures. Japanese mothers emphasize developing adaptive dispositions; U.S. mothers try to make the learning environment more attractive. (SLD)

Reports on a study designed to establish whether strategies for social problem solving could be taught effectively to early adolescents using interactive video. Three methods were compared for effectiveness and differential effects: interactive video alone; teacher-led instruction with linear video; and teacher-led instruction with no video…

Three articles about masters's level library and information science students discuss factors to be considered in diversifying a historically homogeneous student body; strategies for multicultural admissions and recruitment; and the importance of field experiences in preparing information professionals for diverse employment opportunities.…

Presents teachers with guidelines for being sensitive to Native Americans and other people of different cultures and for teaching young children about cultural diversity. Stresses the need for inclusiveness of all cultural groups, especially Native Americans, in the classroom. (BB)

This study of infants with low birthweight and significant or mild intraventricular hemorrhage showed that the association of mothers' interactive behaviors with infants' exploratory play responses was dependent on both the age and medical risk status of the child. The timing of mothers' attention-directing strategies and the level of structure…

Describes a study of undergraduates in a biology course for nonmajors that examined the effects of four methods of immediate corrective feedback during computer-based instruction (CBI). The relationship between types of corrective feedback and types of errors made by learners during CBI and during a later retention test is also examined. (33…

Discusses knowledge base development as a pedagogical activity and describes a study of eighth graders that compared three instructional conditions: (1) expert system development work; (2) problem-solving activities using computer-assisted instruction; and (3) a control group that used traditional noncomputer methods. Pretest and posttest scores…