This qualitative study sought information about the content, nature, and diversity of teachers' beliefs and principles. Selected studies involving the beliefs of teachers in the areas of curriculum theory and innovation, decision making and thinking, and improving teaching are discussed and analyzed. A discussion of the study's methodology points…

This report provides background information on Polish refugees that may be of use to sponsors involved in Polish refugee resettlement in the United States. The report discusses economic and social conditions in Poland; the social values and political attitudes of modern Polish refugees as opposed to those of Poles who settled in the United States…

During the 1978-1979 school year an early identification program for pupils in kindergarten and grade 1 was designed to select those students who would have difficulty with the London, Canada, mathematics or language arts curriculum. The identification program, based primarily on teachers' judgments, was extended in the two subsequent years to…

A 2-year longitudinal/cross-sectional project investigated factors related to highly able Mexican Americans' decisions to avoid or take advanced mathematics. Questionnaires were given to roughly 350 Mexican Americans and to an equal number of equally able Anglo-Americans. Subjects were distributed evenly across grades 9, 10, and 11. Results…

This book contains a collection of 14 papers dealing with guidance and guidance programs in the Philippines, the Republic of China, Japan, and Thailand. An overview of the place of American counselors in international guidance and benefits to counselors and the counseling profession of world-wide contacts is reviewed in the initial paper. Issues…

Part of a continuing series intended for use by reading professionals interested in understanding and improving the reading of adolescents, this report contains four articles dealing with subjects of current interest. Topics covered in the articles are (1) the effects on readers' recall of directions describing passage structure, signaling, and…

Part of a continuing series intended for use by reading professionals interested in understanding and improving the reading of adolescents, this report contains five articles dealing with a variety of subjects. Specific topics discussed in the articles include (1) remedial readers' comprehension during silent and oral reading, (2) recall and…

This monograph presents a discussion of the problems involved in implementing sex-fair coeducational classes in physical education. Suggestions, which grew out of a symposium on coeducational physical education, are offered on procedures that may be used for ability grouping, such as what type of test(s) are appropriate and when to use single or…

Direct approaches to attitude measurement make it easy for subjects to give socially desirable responses which may affect the outcome. A regression analysis method called policy capturing was used to study prejudicial attitudes in college students and to obtain estimates of the variance accounted for by predictors associated with sex. Students…

Limitations seen in traditional educational procedures are discussed, and three new directions are suggested as being important emphases for testing. A new perception of measurement in which children have positions along particular concept dimensions or "lines" is discussed in terms of traditional testing notions including variables, item banks…

This report describes the ethnographic phase of a 2-year study (consisting of ethnographic observation and a survey) on how perceptions of home and school climates and interaction between the two factors might affect school performance among students of different racial/ethnic groups, sex, and socioeconomic status. Ethnographic case studies of…

This literature review of patterns of interpersonal communication in children of the Pacific Islands is based on the assumption that the communicative conventions in these children's homes are very different from those that they encounter in their Euro-American classrooms. Reviewed are studies of communicative interaction in children's peer…

The case studies summarized in this report are based on ethnographic surveys carried out mainly in Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Ivory Coast, and Senegal (collectively called "Tropical Africa" in the text). The surveys were also carried out in the Maghreb countries, especially Algeria and southern India. Their common objective…

Eighth grade students' knowledge of the principles involved in career choice was investigated to determine whether sex stereotyped attitudes about jobs were present. Scores from the career development section of the Georgia Criterion-Referenced Tests were analyzed for 734 (379 females; 355 males) eighth grade students. The career development…

This three-part report discusses the concept of intelligence and its importance for educators. Part 1 considers the basic question of what intelligence is. Part 2 discusses the implications of notions of intelligence for schooling, dealing with both the training of content knowledge and the training of intellectual skills. Each of these first two…