This module is intended to enable secondary school physical education teachers to recognize: (1) that inaccurate assumptions about biological differences have been used to justify different opportunities for boys and girls in physical education; (2) some common misconceptions about girls and women; (3) that tendencies to generalize about physical…

This paper proposes a theoretical framework of moral and immoral development which considers not only reasoning, but also behavior and situational variables. Major theories of moral development proposed by Freud, Piaget, Kohlberg, Haan, and Hogan are used to illustrate the notion that, although empirical evidence shows that most individuals…

A student's belief in the value of literacy is essential to effective teaching and successful learning, but can result only from a local culture whose aim is to produce literacy. The social identity and cultural norms of the young are registered in their use of language, and if literacy, as defined by others, calls the norms and identity into…

The first of a two-volume final report, this document focuses on a study of written language growth and development among 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-year old children. The first section of the document contains five essays dealing with race, sex, age, socioeconomic status, and language; orchestrating the literacy event; reading and writing as…

Superintendents and principals from 50 Pennsylvania school districts were asked to complete two questionnaires each to test, first, the relationships between superintendents' and principals' role conflict and ambiguity and, second, the relationship between superintendents' role conflict and ambiguity and their perceptions of their districts'…

Based on the work of a 22-member research team in the San Diego Community College District, this booklet offers guidelines for developing cultural awareness and presents instruments for conducting an ethnic heritage search, i.e., a systematic examination of a culture to, for example, reveal reasons for customs or practices or clarify the modes of…

Effects of embedded (appropriately positioned within text) and intact (outline format) headings on the processing of ecological and geological text material were examined in two separate studies. Suggesting that outlines may provide readers with global information about a passage and that embedded headings may aid in discovering relationships…

In evaluating its first year of the Student Progress Plan (SPP), the District of Columbia Public Schools found that more students were promoted under SPP than would have been promoted under the traditional policy. Implemented in grades 1-3 in 125 schools as part of the school district's competency-based curriculum, SPP is a skills mastery plan in…

At the University of Maryland, College Park (UMCP), 352 white freshmen completed the Situational Attitude Scale (SAS) in a study of racial attitudes. The SAS (1972) was developed to minimize the degree of subject withdrawal from the measurement of racial attitudes and to eliminate the "social set" problem that keeps subjects' real…

This study examines children's understanding of temporal markers and explores a strategy for teaching such understanding when it is absent. The original sample for this study consisted of 22 first graders and 85 kindergarten children. All subjects were individually pretested with the Temporal Marker Test (TMT) which evaluates performance on eight…

This study was designed to investigate three main topics: the frequency of different kinds of questions which day care teachers asked of low-income 2-year-olds, the toddlers' rate of response to questions, and differences in questions asked of boys and girls. It was hypothesized that caregivers would ask girls more personal-social questions and…

A preliminary analysis of the nonverbal aspects of developing and deteriorating dating relationships was undertaken to determine what nonverbal behaviors were considered most important in defining such relationships. A checklist of 12 nonverbal behaviors associated with successful dating relationships was given to 100 male and 100 female college…

Richard Rodriguez's "Hunger of Memory," which describes his journey from a bilingual, socially disadvantaged child, the son of Mexican immigrant working class parents, to Doctor of English literature, university professor and author, is examined to provide a deeper understanding of what makes the assimilation process happen, what it…

A pressing issue facing women is their role in science and technology, two fields in which knowledge has traditionally been produced and controlled by men. If women were to take responsibility for science and technology, the nature of scientific inquiry and scientific organizations might be fundamentally different. Women must take this…

Interviews with 48 primary and secondary teachers in New Zealand provided comparisons of the career patterns of male and female teachers. The respondents taught at urban and rural schools and had a variety of status levels, from assistant teacher to principal. Respondents' ages ranged from under 25 to 55 years. The interviews were informal and…