The theoretical African mode of thinking about liberty seems to stand in contrast to the view of liberty that has dominated Western philosophy. Western philosophy accepts as its starting point the notion of an unconstrained and uncontextualized "I" that is defined in relation to the self and its inner being. Greek, Cartesian, and…

Controversy exists as to the specific approach to use in teaching language arts skills to culturally and linguistically different children who speak non-standard English. Three primary approaches involve eradicating, maintaining, or expanding the home language systems of such children. In the expansion approach, children are taught to use standard…

An analysis of children's narrative composition and art revealed concurrent development at both a general structural level and at a fine-grained detail level. A three-part study investigated whether this general cognitive pattern would be maintained across a different range of tasks: literary composition, scientific reasoning, and working memory.…

This study examined the creative uses of computers in elementary schools and their impact on student's confidence and self-esteem, student-student interaction, student-teacher interaction, male and female students, classroom management, the role of the teacher, special education, teacher training, teachers not involved in the study, and curricular…

Most of the chapters in this book grew out of the Conference on the Academic Performance of Minority Children held at Cornell University in 1982. Six hypotheses about minority school achievement are presented. After a general introduction by Ulric Neisser, John Ogbu describes the effects of caste and argues that black school children are preparing…

This paper describes four problems that may confront researchers interested in capturing and describing participant perspectives when the participants of interest are young children in early childhood education settings. Problems were identified with interview data collected in three studies conducted in separate preschool and kindergarten…

Data were obtained from six high schools in the Northwest during 1984 and 1985 to determine the variation in students' reports of the frequency with which they skip school and cut classes. The study was guided by the advice of school administrators and a theoretical model of the influences or levels of participation in work organizations. Evidence…

This discussion of the relationship between self-directed learning, adult development, and distance education presents findings from researchers in the field of autonomous learning. In addition, the implications of self-directed learning for the curriculum and teaching methods in distance education are considered. The document is divided into the…

The Corrective Feedback Paradigm (CFP), a computer-based instruction model, addresses the problem of inefficient sequencing of items in a set to be learned by suggesting the use of an increasing ratio review schedule for presenting drill items. With this system, items answered correctly are either removed from the list entirely or replaced at the…

Two studies investigated the transferability of generalist social work practice skills and knowledge between rural and urban settings. Interviews with 20 social workers practicing primarily with low income persons in both rural (Las Cruces, New Mexico) and urban (Detroit, Michigan) settings focused upon social work skills, perceived strengths and…

The manner in which the traditional way of life and the traditional rituals of the Zaramo of Tanzania affect the personality development of Zaramo children and individuals in general was the focus of this preliminary study for an envisioned longitudinal program of research. Data was gathered during 1970 and 1974 in a typical traditional rural…

Results are reported from a study designed to evaluate the preschool experiences of pupils in the Greenwood, Mississippi, public schools. The relationship of these experiences to pupils' first grade basic skills achievement was also examined. In order to determine what constituted the Greenwood area's preschool program, each preschool center…

Published by the National Association for the Education of Young Children, these guidelines are intended for use in early childhood teacher education programs in institutions offering baccalaureate degrees. Developed to establish a standard of excellence for new and existing programs, the guidelines address nine program components (i.e.,…

A review of the research on correspondence education with emphasis on its two-way communication aspects introduces this report on a series of studies designed to shed light upon problems related to the design and delivery of correspondence instruction. A total of 1,805 adult students enrolled in regular Swedish, Norwegian, and British…

Salaries paid to beginning and experienced scientists, engineers, and technicians employed by industry, academic institutions, and all levels of government are detailed in this report. Both published and previously unpublished salary data from 57 surveys are included to provide a comprehensive picture of current salaries by sex, age, degree level,…