This collection of four essays examines the ways in which biology, as a discipline, reflects ongoing scholarship on gender, race, ethnicity, social class, and sexual orientation. In "Natural Sciences: Molecular Biology," Bonnie B. Spanier examines common ideological distortions in biology, including superimposing stereotypical gender attributes…

This essay examines the ways in which psychology, as a discipline, has been influenced by feminist scholarship in the field. Noting that feminist psychologists have challenged the assumption that psychological science is value-free, it cites ways in which values have affected psychological theory and method. The view that men's behavior is…

Advanced Placement Program® (AP®) Examinations in Macroeconomics, Microeconomics, and Comparative Government and Politics were studied to examine college course performance and gender differences. It was concluded that students who had received college credit for AP performed as well or better in higher-level college courses in Macroeconomics and…

This accountability report documents the time-to-degree of community college transfer students into the California State University (CSU) and the University of California (UC). It serves as a baseline measurement against which subsequent examinations can be compared. The Commission measured degree attainment of two separate groups of community…

One of the most important indicators of educational performance is the high school dropout rate. Reducing dropout rates and improving high school graduation rates are important goals for both educators and policymakers. Yet there is a great deal of controversy about how best to measure dropout and graduation rates. This issue of EL Facts provides…

The main purpose in preparing this bulletin is to assemble so far as practicable and publish in brief form such official statistics as are available on illiteracy in the various countries of the world, to tell where those data may be found, and if possible, to give a general estimate of world-wide illiteracy. Incidental to this purpose, it…

This bulletin contains a report on the development of the rural junior high school. Since their introduction in 1909, junior high schools have steadily advanced in the favor of school administrators, and they now seem likely to cause a revolution in the organization of American secondary education. Among many other advantages claimed for them, it…

Recent growth of rural communities and economies will change the role that community developers play. Based on the survey responses of 533 new migrants to five types of California rural communities, data indicate that the major role of community developers will be to coordinate and facilitate organizations in rural areas. (Author/SSH)

Social scientists' assertions in 1954, that desegregation would improve minority student performance by freeing minority children from "pariah" status, and the hypothesis that interracial classroom contact would result in improved minority student achievement, are both unsupported by research. Effective school desegregation programs must…

Similarities and differences in education and English language proficiency on the labor force participation of Hispanic females of different nativity and national origin groups were examined. Integration into the work force was influenced more by nativity status than by national origin, with native-born women showing greater participation. (IS)

A study of psychosocial adjustment among Indochinese refugees in the United States found that alienation was (1) negatively related to socioeconomic status, English proficiency, number of American friends, and self-perception; and (2) positively correlated with degree of perceived difference between refugees and Americans. Laotians and Vietnamese…

Investigated male/female sixth-formers studying physical and biological science A-level courses, examining cognitive style, convergent/divergent thinking, career plans, and other characteristics. Differences between biology/physics students tend to be of the same kind as those between scientists as a whole compared to nonscientists. (JN)

Discusses the concept of nationalism and seeks to analyze whether "Latin-Americanism" can serve as a lever for a nationalistic type of social movement. In spite of separate national group identifications going back 150 years, research indicates that the socio-psychological preconditions of a Latin American supranationalism do exist. (CS)

Discusses the nature and importance of social skills for the elderly, including social skills deficits and psychological disorders related to aging, in five papers presented as part of a Symposium on Social Skills at the XII International Congress of Gerontology, Hamburg, July 1981. (JAC)