This study examined the effects of court challenges to affirmative action policies on the admission of black and Hispanic students to selective science and engineering (S&E) graduate programs. Data were gathered from a sample of 76 major research universities in regard to the application, admission, and enrollment of U.S. citizens and permanent…

This essay examines the ways in which biology, as a discipline, has been influenced by feminist scholarship and research into the areas of gender and sexuality, focusing on the validity, limits, and gender bias of scientific objectivity. It explains that gender bias exists not only in who traditionally has been expected to do science (namely white…

This essay examines the ways in which music, as a discipline, has been influenced by feminist scholarship in the field. It explains that during the 1970s, music scholars began to recover the history of women composers and musicians, and that by the 1980s scholars such as Susan McClary had begun to explore such issues as musical semiotics and…

This essay examines the ways in which political science, as a discipline, has been influenced by feminist scholarship in the field. It explains that gender politics theory and research have grown tremendously since the late 1960s, focusing not only on including women in research on political behavior and policy, but also reevaluating the theories,…

To combat the HIV epidemic, health service providers and public health professionals must use the best possible science and proven program models to reach and influence HIV-positive individuals and others at high risk of becoming infected. The large number and complexity of approaches that are necessary to institute and maintain HIV prevention…

In 1992 the American Association of University Women Educational Foundation (AAUW) Educational Foundation published "How Schools Shortchange Girls," a landmark report providing overwhelming evidence that girls were often ignored in the classroom and neglected in the curriculum. This report brought gender equity to the forefront of…

The purpose of this bulletin is to present a selected working bibliography of practical usefulness to students and others interested in the education of native and minority groups. The field is a relatively new one in American education, and so far as information is available, this is the first effort to formulate a bibliography concerned with it.…

The current study was designed to examine performance effects and fatigue effects associated with different total SAT testing times. In addition, the researchers examined personality, motivation, and other determinants of individual differences in examinee fatigue before, during, and after testing.

Explores the attitudes and motivation of American and foreign students who have unrealistic academic or career aspirations. Discusses counselors' and advisors' sterotypes and biases that may contribute to difficulties with such cases. Offers practical suggestions for working with students and adjustments counselors can make within themselves. (JAC)

What constitutes literacy is not a single value-free standard but the product of the values of particular cultures at particular points in their histories. The history of literacy efforts in the United States and Canada is examined to discover their philosophical roots and ideological underpinnings. (IS)

Audiotape recordings of undergraduate and postgraduate students' case presentations were evaluated according to specific criteria. It was found that: most are of reasonable length but lacking certain content areas; women are interrupted more frequently than men during the presentation; and third-year residents were no more skilled than first-year…

Reviews the research on unemployed adolescents, noting a lack of evidence about the schools' role in preparing adolescents for an uncertain future and about unemployment from the adolescents' perspective. Discusses a Scottish study showing the effects of unemployment on adolescent lifestyle and leisure and the schools' emphasis on work. (SB)

A study investigated: (1) the effectiveness of a group contingency behavior modification strategy on behaviorally disordered students in a physical education class; (2) each student's response in relation to the group; and (3) the effects of age differences on results. The strategy increased time on task for both individuals and groups. (Author/PP)

Investigated concept development related to particulate theory of matter in 130 children (ages 8-12) in two contrasting Warwickshire middle schools. Results are set against background policies/practices in science teaching as revealed by responses from teacher questionnaires (N=60) and analysis of several science curricula. (JN)

Reviews and assesses rural child welfare and rural child welfare services as they exist today. Reviews the literature showing the rural social worker is probably most successful as a generalist who deals with a child as part of an interlocking system involving the school, family, and community. (Author)