A critical need remains for a practical and low-cost methodology to bridge the gap between methodologies for assessment of literacy at the national survey level. At the program level, it must be able to be used effectively by those in developing countries with limited funds but major literacy problems. Etic (external, quantifiable,…

The most important worldwide goal of the 21st century should be universal education; that is, by the year 2099, every child, no matter where, should have access to free, state-sponsored education for 12 years. In committing themselves to the 100-year goal, each nation should keep in mind these 5 important facts: (1) within a nation with sufficient…

This book is designed to help local authorities work to make their cities better places for children and adolescents. It examines the responsibilities that authorities face in this regard, discussing practical measures for meeting those challenges in the context of limited resources and multiple demands. There are 14 chapters in 3 parts. Part 1…

Two things are required to bridge the technology gap between rich and poor countries that has resulted from the scientific and technological revolution: (1) a national development strategy that places a high priority on studies of global technological strategies for each sector of the economy; and (2) very high level educational institutions…

This booklet, one of six that compose the Peace Corp's programming and training (P&T) guidelines, provides information and ideas on ways to increase each post's effectiveness through linking P&T. An introduction discusses the direct impact that P&T have on the success of each other, since, at the Peace Corps, programming drives…

This booklet examines new learning technologies' place in providing opportunities for the democratization of education, for enhancing learner-centered flexibility, and for reaching out to unserved communities. It also raises questions as to who controls technology, and why, how, and for whom the technologies are being used. The booklet concludes…

Technical and vocational education and training (TVET) has reemerged as a hot topic in policy debates on educational developments in developing nations. This renewed interest in TVET is motivated by the necessity to address the new economic challenges stemming from recognition of the role of knowledge in economic development and the deep…

In Taiwan, technological and vocational education (TVE) the equivalent of career and technical education in the United States has undergone several political and social changes and is poised for applying school-based curriculum development (SBCD). Three reasons for adopting SBCD are planning of an integrated curriculum, concept of student-centered…

This report details findings of a study undertaken during 1993-1995 in the Ghanzi District of Botswana to ascertain the progress of the San children in primary school, comparing children who attended preschool to those who did not. The report also describes the Bokamoso Preschool Programme, started in 1986. Data for the study were collected…

This article was based on the author's field study of the Iraqi Literacy campaign in late 1979 and on his follow-up work in 1981. The author spent several weeks interviewing campaign officials, administrators, teachers, and students throughout the country. The article presents the campaign's political philosophy, design, and strategies. (SSH)

This report was based on the author's study in China in 1980-81 and on the findings of other observers, Chinese data, and analyses of the post-Mao adult education system (1977-1982). It focuses particularly on the shifts in adult education priorities and programs and on the political and pedagogical debates. (SSH)

The relationship between education and work in Yugoslavia during the past three decades is discussed. "Education by work" and "education from work" refer to on-the-job training and recurrent education, allowing alternation of labor and education. Self-managing communities of interest for the exchange of education and other…

Discusses a community-based nonformal education movement in Papua New Guinea to use hundreds of the country's languages to teach initial literacy in local preschool and adult education programs. The article describes this movement, the proposed government reform of the English-only formal education system and the ensuing conflicts. (37 references)…

Examines ways Chinese universities are evolving due to an emerging free market economy. Identifies organizational trends associated with societal transformation. Trends discussed include institutional consolidation for improved revenue generation, competition for admission in new disciplines, and faculty professionalization and demand for…

Asserts that Islam is one of the world's fastest growing religions and an increasingly important political force in the world. Provides background information on Sunni and Shiite Islam, highlighting their historical, religious, and ideological differences. (CFR)