It is concluded that most older men are married, while most older women are widows. Widowhood breaks many societal ties. With nine million in the U.S., widows are a significant social group, with numerous implications. (SD)

This discussion on George Sand illustrates the dilemma of the woman who is curious and aggressive in a social milieu which is not ready to accept her in that light. The world in which she lived could not permit a realization of the ideal vision she held. (Author/CJ)

The authors describe a program in which counselors and counselor educators exchange positions and responsibilities in an effort to increase their effectiveness and the amount of interaction between the two. (BY)

Results indicate that counselors feel that role clarification would ensue if guidance pupil personnel services directors had administrative jurisdiction of programs, and that the main deterrent is traditional autonomy of the building principal. (Author)

Counselor educators and supervisors of counselors should be concerned about the functions not understood or not performed by directors which the counselors perceived as limiting the effectiveness of the guidance programs. (Author)

The issue is devoted to seven articles about a study of trainer effectiveness. It includes the approach to the study, major findings, a case study, aspects of trainer effectiveness, an approach to looking at trainer effectiveness, and conclusions. (JOW)

Investigates the extent to which Black decision makers' role perceptions and role performances are directly influenced by racist structural barriers (e.g., ingroup and outgroup alignments formed along racial lines) or the consequences of those barriers. The results of the study support only some of its underlying assumptions. (CMG)

Premorbid adjustment, paranoid symptomatology, and orientation were examined as major predictors of moral judgment maturity in 40 schizophrenics. Results suggest the importance of cognitive and social skills in the development of schizophrenics' moral judgment maturity. (Author/RH)

Sociometric tests allow teachers of emotionally disturbed students to understand classroom social structures and significant group roles (significantly preferred, rejected, ignored, split, and feared pupils). Recommendations for enhancing students' power and respect through positive means include emphasizing cooperation and allowing students to be…

Designed to attempt an assessment of the quality and quantity of information on traditional Navajo women in view of feminist concerns about the treatment of women in ethnography, data from 10 basic ethnographies on the Navajos and 14 published life histories of Navajo men and women are explored. (Author)

Provides an indication of prospects for the development of the comparative study of education in Japan (such study requires developing a methodology unique to Japan). Further development of the comparative study of education in Japan is greatly dependent on Japan's promoting research on developing societies. (Author/BRR)

Discusses the relationship between the person learning a foreign language, the methodology employed, and the environment using the paradigms of T. Parsons. Notes that the functional method has adapted some of these functions and suggests ways to incorporate the others. (AMH)

Arguing that the stereotypes of aging and the aged in books and other media are generally negative, this article provides an overview of media study findings and comments extensively on the image of the elderly in several contemporary realistic young adult novels. Eleven references and additional novel titles are provided. (EJS)