Comparisons between sibling relationships in industrialized and nonindustrialized societies revealed differences in how siblings are defined, cultural norms regulating sibling role responsibilities, importance of sibling structure variables, sibling caretaking and socialization, relationship between siblings, and range of variation in sibling…

Discusses the images and stereotypes of mathematics and mathematicians among mathematicians, mathematics teachers, and nonmathematicians. Provides examples from literature and the arts, and explains how and why a certain image of mathematics is formed at school. (Contains 27 references.) (MDH)

Examines physician-patient communication as it relates to expectations that patients and physicians hold for themselves and each other. Determines that dimensions of mutual role expectation were physician as humanistic practitioner, physician authority, patient in the sick role, and patient as consumer. Finds that patients had significantly higher…

Examined impact that multiple roles (work/family) had on occupational adjustment and life satisfaction among 50 female health professionals. Results indicated some evidence that, as number of occupational roles increased, life satisfaction scores tended to decrease; however, as number of family roles increased, scores on occupational adjustment…

The 1997 European Council of International Schools Statistical Survey shows that women comprised 43% of 1,242 senior administrators. Only 20% were heads or directors. Four senior female administrators interviewed had haphazard career paths, positive informal mentoring experiences, and major domestic responsibilities. (10 references) (MLH)

Reviews the existing research on the role of grandparents in the lives of children with disabilities. Although parents and grandparents report a wide range of supportive activities and involvement, grandparents may also be an additional burden. Clinical and educational professionals are urged to facilitate the role of grandparents as a resource…

In a study investigating principals' career life cycles, five urban secondary principals were interviewed. When analyzing interviewees' perceptions of their leadership, different role perceptions emerged that appeared to be influenced by length of time in service. Experience may lead to a lessening of creative tension via intrusion of current…

Analyzes findings from a special (British) program that explored emotional dimensions of primary headteachers' leadership. Conceptualizes the emotions' role in organizations. Principals felt they had to abandon their humanity to lead, had sole responsibility for holding things together, and considered "good-enough" (imperfect) leadership…

Reviews research on "homesign" systems, i.e., the gestural communication of deaf individuals who do not learn a spoken language and who are not exposed to a signed language. The article touches on how iconicity affects language structure and use, the role of input in language development, and the nature of the critical period for…

Suggests that in applied linguistics there has been a collective ignorance of the social constraints operating on exchanges between research interviews and informant interviewees. The article discusses literature from sociology and social psychology that has dealt with this aspect of research interviews. (Author/CK)

Discusses analysis of how members of self-help groups perceived professional involvement and dimensions of such involvement. Three categories were identified according to their main focus: groups dealing with health issues, groups dealing with alternative lifestyles, and groups based on the 12-step model. Analysis yielded two conceptually…

Investigates perceptions of English headteachers and U.S. principals about crossing the professional "border" into school leadership. Using interview data, explores administrators' preparation for their new role and levels of professional support they received during induction. All went through "culture shock" while adjusting…

Describes the purposes and roles of institutional researchers: (1) describe the institution, (2) analyze alternatives, (3) present the best case, and (4) supply impartial evidence, noting three dualities internal vs external demands; academic vs administrative culture; and institutional vs professional role that are particularly relevant. Also…

To improve board-administrator relations, superintendents should establish a firm foundation for teamwork, nurture mutual respect and support, understand their roles, be a supercoach, encourage frequent, two-way communication, avoid surprises, discourage micromanagement, avoid wasting teammates' time, tackle conflict, and assess the team's…

The perceptions of 14 teachers from 14 different public schools about their changing roles and responsibilities as they moved into inclusive settings with students with severe disabilities were explored. Their experiences of cultural dissonance as they left the segregated culture of special education and attempted to assimilate themselves into…