Compares two contrasting perspectives of social contagion processes (structural equivalence and cohesion) associated with the organizational outcome variables of commitment and role ambiguity in organizations. Finds that structural equivalence was more associated with role ambiguity and that commitment was more associated with cohesion. (MS)

Describes two studies to test the following hypotheses: (1) delinquent behavior that corresponds to sex stereotypes will be punished more severely; and (2) delinquent behavior that deviates will be evaluated more negatively. Presents model illustrating how sex stereotypes about delinquent behavior lead to sex-related differences in attribution and…

This article maintains that "social role valorization" is not an adequate reformulation and replacement for the principle of normalization in services for people with mental retardation. The term "social valorization," in which the person and role are valued, is offered as a possibly more coherent replacement for the term…

Reviews the evolution of translation from an exchange of information within and across cultural boundaries to its current status as a scholarly endeavor. Translations may have far-reaching effects in the target and source culture. Translators should be cognizant of the foreign language and culture in order to successfully realize their role as…

A study examined college faculty (n=485) perceptions about the role the department head should and does play in awarding of tenure. Of 19 roles played by department heads, 13 were seen by respondents as facilitating tenure acquisition. Almost half of those roles were administrative; research roles were also seen as important. (MSE)

Informally reviews the site-based management/budgeting literature, focusing on SBM implementation strategies, resource allocation decisions, and the role of site councils, principals, and school business administrators in effecting changes. The school business administrator remains a key person in determining, implementing, and coordinating the…

Summarizes a study to determine principal's perceptions of their competency in primary responsibility areas and their greatest challenges and frustrations. Beginning principals are challenged by delegating responsibilities and becoming familiar with the principal's role, the local school, and school operations. Their major frustrations are role…

While Principal Norman Higgins was speaking at an out-of-town conference, his high school faculty voted to cancel final exams for seniors and hold a morale-raising picnic. Although some principals dole out site-based power only grudgingly, Higgins takes his coordinator role seriously and delegates loads of responsibility. This article details…

It is proposed that the need for collaboration between physicians and nurses is increasing with new health care needs and delivery systems, and that practitioners and educators must help improve the relationship. The phenomenon of collaboration, reasons for promoting it, barriers to achieving collaborative relationships, and change strategies are…

Reviews 1990 literature on career development and counseling. Discusses emphasis on career counseling approaches and interventions, and on general theme of "work within a life." Topics found in literature include race, sex, and multiple role issues, selected career choice issues and indecision, coping on the job, and job change and unemployment.…

Surveyed 636 school psychologists. Found no significant differences between male and female psychologists in time spent in various roles or time desired to be spent in various roles. Males worked longer contract lengths and made more money than females. When monthly salaries were compared, significant salary differences between males and females…

Although college administrators at every level experience some role conflict or ambiguity while acclimating to new jobs, if the dissonance is unresolved, it can lead to lower job satisfaction and self-confidence, higher tension and psychological strain, and greater feelings of futility and anxiety. Strategies for resolution are individual but have…

Tested models of intergenerational relationships using interview and questionnaire data from 124 couples in their early/mid-60s. Results indicated role context rather than role strain or role enhancement characterized competing-loyalties model. Family size had little effect on findings. Variables from size-constraint and familistic models…

Summarizes a study examining 322 Nebraska student teachers' perceptions concerning administration as a career, their aspirations to become administrators, and the encouragement received to become administrators. Most respondents considered administration to be a managerial, rather than a leadership, role and aspired to become administrators at…

Responses from 134 superintendents, 134 principals, 134 vocational teachers, and 153 vocational directors (78%) revealed the perception that directors were primarily involved in administration, instruction, promotion, and personnel. Teachers, superintendents, and principals would like them to be substantially more involved in promotion and…