Attempts to trace historical changes in the relationship between adults and children from pre-industrial times in Europe to the European present are made in this essay. Topics discussed include: (1) brief childhood in pre-industrial society; (2) the discovery of childhood by the bourgeoisie; (3) the reproduction of the proletariat; (4) the…

Research was conducted to define methods for creating jobs for urban youth through small business expansion, particularly in Chicago. This report presents recommendations derived from the research. The first section suggests ways of increasing the effectiveness of Chicago's small business/neighborhood economic development efforts. The second…

IN 1964, THE TWO PROVINCES OF PAKISTAN HAD A COMBINED POPULATION OF 101 MILLION. THE ECONOMY OF THE NATION IS HEAVILY DEPENDENT ON AGRICULTURE, BUT INDUSTRIAL EXPANSION IS RAPID ENOUGH TO CAUSE SHORTAGE OF SKILLED PERSONNEL. A 5-YEAR PRIMARY EDUCATION BRANCHES INTO TWO SECONDARY STREAMS. STUDENTS MAY ENTER A 5-YEAR HIGH SCHOOL TOWARD UNIVERSITY,…

IN 1964 SINGAPORE HAD A POPULATION OF 1,844,200. EDUCATION IS FREE FOR THE 6 PRIMARY YEARS. SUCCESSFUL STUDENTS ATTEND AN ACADEMIC SECONDARY, A SECONDARY COMMERCIAL, OR A SECONDARY TECHNICAL SCHOOL. A 2-YEAR PREUNIVERSITY, A POLYTECHNIC, AND A TEACHERS' COLLEGE ARE ALSO AVAILABLE. UNSUCCESSFUL PRIMARY STUDENTS RECEIVE 2 YEARS ADDITIONAL WORK AT A…

THE 1964 POPULATION OF THAILAND WAS 30 MILLION. ITS ECONOMY IS LARGELY DEPENDENT ON AGRICULTURE, BUT RAPID INDUSTRIAL EXPANSION IS UNDERWAY. THE NATION IS DIVIDED INTO 12 EDUCATIONAL REGIONS CONTROLLED BY AN EDUCATION OFFICER. PRESCHOOL EDUCATION OF 1 TO 3 YEARS IS NONCOMPULSORY. ELEMENTARY EDUCATION OF 4 YEARS IS COMPULSORY, AND THIS REQUIREMENT…

THE 1963 ESTIMATED POPULATION OF TANZANIA WAS OVER 10 MILLION. THE NATION'S ECONOMY IS PRIMARILY AGRICULTURAL. PRIMARY EDUCATION CONSISTS OF A 4-YEAR LOWER AND 4-YEAR UPPER LEVEL. BECAUSE OF LIMITED EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES, ADMISSION TO UPPER PRIMARY AND SECONDARY LEVELS DEPENDS ON PASSING EXAMINATIONS. FROM THE UPPER PRIMARY LEVEL, A STUDENT MAY…

THE 1963 POPULATION OF ZAMBIA WAS APPROXIMATELY 3.5 MILLION. THE 8-YEAR PRIMARY EDUCATION PROGRAM IS FOLLOWED BY SECONDARY, SECONDARY TECHNICAL, AND TRADE SCHOOL OPTIONS. THERE IS AN INCREASE IN ADULT EDUCATION AT THE PRIMARY AND SECONDARY LEVELS. CRAFT AND TECHNICIAN LEVEL PROGRAMS ARE CONDUCTED AT NORTHERN TECHNICAL COLLEGE AND ITS ANCILLARY…

THE POPULATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA WAS 27,184,000 IN 1963. AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION, ADVERSELY AFFECTED BY THE KOREAN WAR, HAS RECEIVED EMPHASIS THROUGH EXPORT PROMOTION, TAX REFORM, AND A STABILIZATION PROGRAM. A 6-YEAR FREE COMPULSORY EDUCATION IS SUPPLEMENTED BY "CIVIC SCHOOLS" AND "HIGHER CIVIC SCHOOLS"…

THE 1963 POPULATION OF MALAWI WAS 3,753,000. MALAWI'S ECONOMY IS BASED ON AGRICULTURE. PRIMARY EDUCATION COVERS 8 YEARS AND ENROLLS 98 PERCENT OF THE 380,000 PUPILS IN SCHOOL. TECHNICAL SCHOOLS INCLUDE TRADE- AND TECHNICIAN-ORIENTED PROGRAMS UNDER THE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION. A NEW UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI INCLUDES NO COURSES OF A TECHNICAL NATURE, BUT…

THE FEDERATION OF MALAYSIA HAD A 1964 POPULATION OF 9,000,000. SPECIALIZATION IN A FEW EXPORT PRODUCTS, NOTABLY RUBBER AND TIN, HAS BEEN THE BASIS OF THE ECONOMY. EDUCATION IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND EFFORT IS BEING MADE TO ESTABLISH MALAY AS THE NATIONAL LANGUAGE. ELEMENTARY EDUCATION EXTENDS FOR 6 YEARS TO THE LOWER…

NEW ZEALAND HAS A POPULATION OF 2.6 MILLION AND AN ECONOMY BASED UPON AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS. THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION IS RESPONSIBLE FOR PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS. EDUCATION IS FREE, COMPULSORY, AND SECULAR FOR ALL TO AGE 15, AND FREE TO AGE 19. IN THE FIRST 2 YEARS OF SECONDARY EDUCATION, BEGINNING AT AGE 13, STUDY IS IN GENERAL SUBJECTS…

Approximately 70 percent of India's 1963 population of 460,000,000 engage in agricultural pursuits and cottage industries. Some progress has been made in developing industry. The Indian Constitution provides for universal, free, and compulsory education through 14 years of age, but full application has been hindered by inadequate facilities,…

This report contains five papers which describe mathematical models of the educational system as it relates to economic growth. Experimental applications of the models to particular educational systems are discussed. Three papers, by L. J. Emmerij, J. Blum, and G. Williams, discuss planning models for the calculation of educational requirements…

Australia is a federation of six states and two territories with a population of 11.5 million. It depends heavily on agricultural export and a growing manufacturing industry. Responsibility for education lies with the state governments which are administered centrally because of sparse population. School attendance is required to age 15 with…

The island of Ceylon had a 1963 population of 10,625,000 and an agricultural economy based upon tea, rubber, coconuts, and rice. Fishing and industrial expansion are receiving emphasis. Economic problems include a declining rate of growth in gross national product, unemployment, and a limited range of exports. Education, under control of the…