No one disputes today the fact that, for centuries, the diversity of traditions and cultures has been one of the major assets of both Europe and Romania, and that during the past decades the principle of tolerance has become the guarantee of a European open society aware of the importance of its cultural diversity. In this 21st century, in Romania…

Language shift is the process by which a speech community in a contact situation (i.e. consisting of bilingual speakers) gradually stops using one of its two languages in favor of the other. The causal factors of language shift are generally considered to be social, and researchers have focused on speakers' attitudes (both explicit and unstated)…

This booklet provides resources for teaching about pre-statehood Alaska history and the role of Alaska Native women. The six women leaders featured come from different backgrounds, languages, and cultures. They include an oral historian, a civil rights activist, a bilingual teacher, a traditional storyteller, a healer, and a tradition bearer. The…

All 22 papers presented at the 1982 meeting of the Association of Physical Plant Administrators are contained in these proceedings. The papers are organized under four topical areas: resource management, energy management, maintenance programs, and physical plant management. Resource management area papers offer advice on establishing a day…

This task-based curriculum guide for building and home maintenance services is intended to help the teacher develop a classroom management system where students learn by doing. Introductory materials include a Dictionary of Occupational Titles job code and title sheet, a career ladder, a matrix relating duty/task numbers to job titles, and a task…

Conference papers examine efforts by Indigenous communities, particularly Native American communities, to maintain and revitalize their languages. The 27 papers are: "Ko te reo te mauri o te mana Maori: The Language Is the Life Essence of Maori Existence" (Te Tuhi Robust); "The Preservation and Use of Our Languages: Respecting the…

This regional dossier aims to provide concise, descriptive information and basic educational statistics about minority language education in a specific region of the European Union--the South of France. Details are provided about the features of the educational system, recent educational policies, divisions of responsibilities, main actors, legal…

This regional dossier aims to provide concise, descriptive information and basic educational statistics about minority language education in a specific region of the European Union--Fryslan, one of the 12 provinces of The Netherlands. Details about the features of the educational system, recent educational policies, divisions of responsibilities,…

Nanagusja is a Tsuut'ina (Sarcee) language development program composed of 10 video programs, a teacher's guide, and a unit plan book. The unit plan book, presented here, includes 10 units with 12 to 15 lessons each. Each unit begins with notes to the teacher and a Unit Overview Chart to be used to plan activities for each class. The teacher must…

Compares and contrasts Namibian and U.S. policies concerning the promotion of English as an official language. Praises Namibia's thoughtful, gradual, and nonpunitive approach. Characterizes the U.S. policy as fragmented, contradictory, and driven by political considerations. (MJP)

Describes the passing of the Montana Class 7 American Indian Language and Cultural Specialist Certification, which enables all seven Montana tribes to certify the people most qualified to teach their language, and allows the tribes to develop curriculum and strategies that promote their languages and assure their feasibility. (VWC)

There was a time in the Americas when many different languages were spoken by the diverse native peoples. This situation changed rapidly as waves of Europeans arrived, containing and controlling the native peoples, often forcing them to forfeit language and culture. Today remnants of some Native American tribes are striving to find ways to…

Three methods of determining waste quantity for a new building are supplied, based on a study conducted at the Cambridge campus of Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (MLF)

Starting an energy management program in the school lunch system can provide maximum equipment effectiveness and better energy efficiency. (Author)