A teacher shortage in Hong Kong in core subjects, such as English, has led to interest in the recruitment and retention of second-career teachers. Drawing upon Wenger's (1998) theory of identity formation and using data from interviews with eight second-career English language teachers in Hong Kong, this paper explores how second-career teachers…

Purpose: This study introduces the first National Nursing Assistant Survey (NNAS), a major advance in the data available about certified nursing assistants (CNAs) and a rich resource for evidence-based policy, practice, and applied research initiatives. We highlight potential uses of this new survey using select population estimates as examples of…

These regulations outline specific licensure requirements for individuals seeking additional endorsements (teaching areas or other school personnel positions), licensure outside of a state-approved program, or licensure through alternate routes. The regulations do not affect individuals completing a Virginia approved program for initial licensure;…

This publication offers an update in concise form of pertinent information for teachers, administrators, librarians, counselors, and other school personnel on certification requirements. Recommendations of regional and national associations regarding school staff responsibilities and school policies are presented, as well as current addresses for…

This document outlines the requirements and standards for teacher certification in Massachusetts. Information is included on: (1) routes to certification through Massachusetts approved and/or registered programs, interstate reciprocity, and transcript evaluation; (2) alternative routes to certification through the apprentice teacher program and/or…

This handbook is a reference to rules for licensure of professional personnel in public elementary and secondary schools in the state of Minnesota. The directives and recommendations are found in "The Administrative Manual for Minnesota Public Schools," and all of the rules have been adopted by the Minnesota State Board of Education and…

This survey of the extent to which each state is supporting kindergarten and other early childhood services consists of three tables showing: (1) state-by-state expenditures (total and per pupil) for kindergarten and prekindergarten, other state-supported services (medical, dental, etc.) to prefirst graders; information on kindergarten entrance…

This study was conducted to determine the extensiveness and form of credentialing for those persons engaged in staff development. Questionnaires were mailed to the Director of Teacher Education and Certification at the State Department of Education in forty-nine states and the District of Columbia (Texas was not included). All of the…

This report provides an overview of selected state strategies for addressing personnel shortages in the area of visual impairments. Innovative or alternative routes to certification in six states (Texas, Hawaii, Iowa, North Carolina, Utah, and West Virginia) are profiled to give specific examples of state approaches to personnel preparation and…

Due to rapid population growth and critical teacher shortages on the national level in today's fast-changing public school systems, we are witnessing an unprecedented crisis in higher education and teacher preparation. To better understand the current state of teacher certification and preparation, this article examines the contentious atmosphere…

Teacher certification/licensure requirements across the United States are in constant flux. Career and technical education (CTE), with its many subject disciplines, has historically had two pathways to certification/licensure: a traditional degree-based program of courses, field experiences, and exit exams, and an alternative pathway based…

Across America, school districts face a problem of numbers: too many students, too few educators. In some areas, the shortage of classroom teachers is approaching crisis proportions. One solution designed to address the recruitment side of the problem is found in the creation of Non-University Certification Programs (NUCPs). The designs and…

I report on what teachers in an Advanced Certificate in Education (ACE) inservice programme learned about probabilistic reasoning in relation to teaching it. I worked "on the inside" using my practice as a site for studying teaching and learning. The teachers were from three different towns in the Northern Cape province and had limited…

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of teacher certification by the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS) on student achievement. This study considered the research question, are there significant mean differences for measures of student achievement between schools with a higher percentage of national board…

This article examines the teaching practicum in Thailand as it occurs in three settings: "Rajabhats"--four-year universities which offer an additional period of teaching practice, and where the vast majority of EFL teachers are educated; regular universities; and a TESOL short course certificate program for non-Thais preparing to teach…