Examines the comprehension of English conventional indirect requests by native English speakers and Japanese learners of English. Subjects read stories inducing either a conventional or a literal interpretation of a priming sentence. Results suggest that both native and nonnative speakers process both meanings of an ambiguous conventional request.…

Examines second-language instruction at the primary school level in Ireland, where there is significant demand for instruction in languages other than the mandatory Irish and English. An argument is made for a language awareness approach to introduce students to a third language. (39 references) (MDM)

The author discusses the preparation of a test of reading comprehension in Italian as a Second Language for Spanish university students and analyzes the results of the test. The article includes the reading passage and the test. (CFM)

Summarizes current cognitive psychological knowledge concerning second language vocabulary acquisition and discusses implications for the development of effective computer-assisted vocabulary acquisition methods. (85 references) (Author)

Reviews existing examples of computer-assisted vocabulary learning and suggests some principles for the future design of such programs. The issues considered are the extent to which the program is specifically oriented to vocabulary learning, what gives the interaction its instructional value, and what makes an interaction specifically…

Describes a study of the economics of language competence in Switzerland and the efficacy of education systems undertaken to develop guidelines for language policy. This study was mandated by such issues as the reassertion of local identities, unprecedented migration flows, the emergence of the European Union, and the intensification of…

Two studies examined the stereotypes held by University of Arizona students of German toward Germany and Germans, finding that the majority of students held positive, though simplistic, views of German society and culture. German language proficiency was also found to have an effect on the stereotypical imagery conveyed by the students. (32…

Investigated how three Spanish-speaking children, enrolled in a bilingual preschool, used Spanish and English with each other. Results indicated that exposure to English books and popular cultural materials enabled them to use English readily and easily but that their use of English during play superceded their use of Spanish, suggesting the…

This article reports the results of using a three-layer back propagation artificial neural network to predict item difficulty in a reading comprehension test. Three classes of variables were examined: text structure, propositional analysis, and cognitive demand. Results demonstrate that the networks can consistently predict item difficulty. (JL)

Evaluates the role of age on the rate of acquiring English as a second language in an immersion setting in children with native languages typologically very different from English. Results suggest that on certain aspects of grammar, different-aged children can acquire a second language during the first three years of acquisition at similar rates…

This paper reviews recent insights into the pragmatics of language use and language learning that point to the importance of larger prefabricated units. It suggests that prefabricated "chunks" of language might be a useful starting point for a more holistic approach to pronunciation teaching. (21 references) (MDM)

Discusses the role of picture storybooks in developmental education, indicating that these deceptively simple books can provide interest and variety to the classroom, offer self-confidence to hesitant and language-diverse students, and easily remedy gaps in background knowledge for many different content areas. Includes possible example…

An integrative review of United States research on English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) learners' cognitive reading processes supports a relatively good fit with preexisting reading theories and views generally thought to describe native-language readers. However, a subset of factors special to ESL learners is suggested. (SLD)

Drawing primarily from theory and research in the cognitive literature on learning, this paper defines and illustrates the various components of task knowledge and attempts to show the functional relationship between task knowledge and autonomous learning. An approach to learner training that is (task) knowledge based is discussed. (54 references)…

Highlights the unifying role of metacognition in all levels of learner training. The article argues that one of the premises of any self-directed program should be that of enhancing students' metacognition to prepare them for their own learning autonomy. This paper describes an application of this principle including two examples of its use by…