The primary contact which many non-native speakers have with the English language is visual. Thus, there exist many competent readers of English who are ignorant of pronunciation. In the past, English pronunciation has been taught in a case-by-case fashion, without regard to principles relating orthography to pronunciation. This is a report on one…

A systematic cultural plan applied to the second language textbook will not produce riches overnight, but it is a solid beginning that might be expanded when the teacher has the opportunity for further research or an increase in budget for the purchase of cultural modules. The key word in this proposal is "system." Teachers can, and do, add…

This paper discusses the concept of error in the learning of the phonology of a second language and argues that the concept of error must be viewed as a positive element, an initiation of the process of successive approximations toward the correct phonetic realization. Based on the idea that interference between two languages generates a…

This paper discusses the problem of how to deal effectively with students' errors from the perspective of Error Analysis. Basic aspects of the theory such as "interlanguage,""learning strategies" and "the interpretation of errors" are introduced; and empirical data from child language learning studies are presented to support the underlying…

In this paper, two theoretical approaches to language teaching, the audio-lingual and the cognitive code methods, are examined with respect to how they deal with feedback in the classroom situation. Audio-lingual theorists either ignore completely the need for feedback in the classroom or deal with it only in terms of its reinforcing attributes.…

This paper discusses the need for and importance of field-based experiences in the training of prospective second language teachers prior to student teaching. Several types of field-based experiences are described: (1) experiences actually based on schools, including observation and participation; (2) teaching experiences based on the college or…

The author reviews some recent theories, experiments, and observations in psychology and psycholinguistics which challenge the basic assumptions of the audio-lingual method of foreign language teaching: Language learning is habit formation, requiring analogy rather than analysis; meaning can be learned only in the matrix of allusions to the…

The present document comprises a preliminary version of the introductory section and the appendix of a forthcoming ESL textbook, "Developing Fluency in English," by R. Crymes, G. James, L. Smith, and H. Taylor. The book was test taught during 1969-70 in the English Language Institute of the University of Hawaii, and an analysis of the findings is…

The comprehension of deviant sentences is dependent on several linguistic variables. Grammaticalness (G), meaningfulness (M), and familiarity (F) are three variables which are potentially such. In order to study the effect of violating these variables upon Ss' responses to deviant sentences, 85 deviant and 15 correct sentences were assigned to…

This publication is a sample issue of a new reference publication "designed to meet the growing demand for substantial, timely coverage of the literature dealing with the interfaces of linguistics, computation, information science, and related fields." Prepared by the Language Information Network and Clearinghouse System (LINCS) at the Center for…

Although standard descriptions of spoken Brazilian Portuguese assign separate allophones to both /1/ and /u/ in utterance-final position after a vowel, it has been observed that in rapid speech native speakers articulate /l/ and /u/ in this position so that they are indistinguishable to the average speaker. To answer questions about the possible…

Six hundred and sixteen CVC stimulus syllables beginning with /l/ and /r/ were presented by tape recording to six Japanese foreign students at Indiana University. Analysis of variance showed the effect of the final consonant variable on the identification of initial /l/ and /r/ was significant at the .05 level; the effect of the CV interaction was…

A contrastive analysis of some phonological, morphological, and syntactical differences existing in French and English are cited along with suggestions for teaching each variation by the systematic approach. Also discussed briefly are such language interference problems as auditory discrimination of segmental and supra-segmental phonemes,…

This report presented a review of the Florida Inter-American Learning Institute (FILI), which began at Tallahassee in March 1968. FILI was designed as a "half-way house" where foreign students could increase their ability to communicate in English. Students enroll for one or two 11-week periods during which they receive instruction in…

Seeking out inter-language differences in the execution of a contrastive analysis is given priority over looking for manifestations of language universals. But unless a contrastive study is based upon an understanding of language universals and contains a set of instructions for how each language realizes them, the common ground for contrast can…