The aims of this study were (1) to assess the relative effectiveness of verbal and visual elaboration prompts and question-answering prompts on children's incidental memory, and (2) to determine whether performance improvement associated with pictorial elaboration could be augmented by either verbal elaboration or question-answering procedures.…

Research on performance appraisals has often overlooked the importance of attitudinal and organizational variables. To test a model of the influence of organizational contextual variables on the perceived utility of performance appraisals, 239 Virginia mental health workers completed a questionnaire. The 21 items were designed to measure the four…

The development and performance of typewriting were studied by collecting data from 18 typists. They ranged from beginning students in a typing class (about one keystroke per second) to expert professional typists (about 10 keystrokes per second). All typists became faster with practice, but the rate and amount of improvement varied for different…

The following papers are included in this collection: (1) "The Scientific Study of Athletes and Athletics" (Henry J. Montoye); (2) "The Limits of Human Performance" (David H. Clarke); (3) "Observations of Extraordinary Performances in an Extreme Environment and in a Training Environment" (E.R. Buskirk); (4) "Metabolic Requirements of Distance…

A model is presented in which a test score is influenced by three factors: (1) the test itself, including the nature of the item tryout samples, the nature of the standardization group, the item scaling model and methods, the manner of item subset generation, logical strategies in test building, the format of questions, the test appearance, item…

A study seeking how to identify potential student failure and some of its causes is reported. (Editor/PG)

Using an analysis of data collected by the National Survey of Health and Development, this research report studies the relative importance of ability, social class, sex, and type of school on the performance of children in the educational system of England and Wales. Conclusions suggest that reorganization of educational institutions can have…

The stimulus-familiarization-effect (SFE) paradigm, a reaction-time (RT) task based on a response to novelty procedure, was modified to assess response for novelty, ie., a response-reinforcement sequence. The potential implications of attention for reinforcement theory and learning in general are discussed. (Author/CS)

Correlations between motivational factors and grades and Scholastic Aptitude Test scores are presented. (Author/KM)

A successful model performance-based graduate program, training qualified directors of vocational education at Southern Illinois University (Carbondale), focuses on a tri-partite educational network (local cooperating administrator, occupational education administration interns, and university professors), portfolio of proficiency development, and…

Measures differences in types of client needs perceived by various categories of counselors, the types of needs they attempted to help their clients gratify, and the needs that were viewed as gratified. (Author)

Thirty-eight Olympic wrestling team aspirants were evaluated using the Behavioral Inventories for Athletes. The selected Olympic Freestyle Team was compared to nonsuccessful participants. The responses to each question were assessed. When more than one-half of the subjects answered in an extreme response category, it was deemed a notable…

Two groups of paid female students were employed in a modified Aronson and Carlsmith (1962) expectancy-performance design. Overall results did not support predictions derived from dissonance theory. (Author)