Investigates the effect of anxiety in musical performance and assesses the quality of subjects' performances under enhanced and reduced anxiety situations. Adjudicators compared tapes made by 95 graduate and undergraduate music students during performances done in isolation and in front of audiences composed of other music students and…

Results of an initial experiment show that motoric imagery can produce relatively large increases in the ability of young children, as well as adults, to recall meaningful sentences. Results of a second experiment show that motoric imagery can, to some extent, facilitate free recall of word lists when visual imagery has no effect. (Author/RH)

To determine to what extent disabled students may be selected and integrated into the regular schools in Nigeria, 42 normal and blind students were compared for differences in selective attention in a task involving letters and numbers. The hypothesis was substantiated that, because of the sociocultural stigma attached to blindness, normal…

Thirty-six three- and four-year-old children were given a battery of six metalinguistic tasks and two measures of language development. Results indicate that the majority of preschoolers were able to make at least some metalinguistic judgments and that metalinguistic performance improved with age. (Author/MP)

Seven- and eight-year-old children were given two memory trials on each of five consecutive days. Results indicate that children who were given only demonstrations and directions to use particular mnemonic strategies did not perform as well as children who were provided explanations and feedback regarding the mnemonic value of these actions. (MP)

Describes an experiment testing whether pre-exam study sessions improved student performance on tests and whether study sessions helped better students more than poor ones. Eighty-five general psychology students, pretested for academic ability, attended optional study sessions and then took an examination on course materials. Findings supported…

Compared the efficiency of cognitive-behavioral therapy, emphasizing self-instruction and attention-focusing techniques, with behavior rehearsal and with a waiting-list control in the treatment of debilitating musical-performance anxiety. Multivariate analyses indicated that both the cognitive-behavioral therapy and behavior-rehearsal programs…

Female college students were given a training task involving anagrams, mathematical problems, perceptual identifications, or all three. Results indicate that increasing the variety of training tasks at high or low levels of required effort contributes to the student's abstraction of a general principle concerning degree of effort required for…

Children who lacked subtraction skills received didactic training in subtraction with effort attributional feedback concerning past achievement, with feedback concerning future achievement, or with no feedback. Results showed that attributional feedback for past achievement led to more rapid progress in mastering subtraction operations, greater…

This article explains a performance-oriented approach to outlining technical training needs. The performance improvement cycle is discussed and the three main activities in that cycle are described. They include need detection, task identification, and collection of task performance data. (CT)

An updated empirical and conceptual review of preschool mainstreaming is presented. Specific topics addressed include rationale, program outcomes, child outcomes, teacher variables, and effects on parents. Among conclusions is that the effects of mainstreaming on severely handicapped children are largely unknown. (Author)

Shows that various positions within organizations put different limits on the relationship between individual performance and organizational success. In addition, the article describes determinants and consequences of various types of relationships between individuals and organizations, identifies control processes within organizations, and…

Procedures were used to assess capacity to sustain adaptive responding and discrimination learning ability in 18 psychotic nonverbal children. It was concluded that the measures had good face validity with respect to assessment of discrimination, learning ability, and tolerance for intermittent reinforcement. (SB)

In a survey of state supervisors of industrial arts, it was found that lack of funds, inadequate personnel, and ineffective organization are major problems affecting the supervisors' performance. There is also no functional system for state supervisors to obtain data on local supervisory programs. (CT)

Subjects (N=136) were premeasured for their self-esteem, and practiced two tasks--one in front of a mirror. Results indicated that relative to high self-esteem individuals, those with low and medium self-esteem rated the mirror task as less enjoyable and preferred to avoid the mirror task. (Author/RC)