Outlines components of fear in outdoor adventure activities. Reports ratings by 311 Outward Bound students of 23 common fears in the outdoors. Discusses techniques of fear reduction therapy: systematic desensitization, flooding, modeling of coping methods by instructors, and rehearsal of adaptive behaviors. Contains 16 references. (SV)

Presents experiments which show that in electrostatics there are logical reasons for describing charged materials as positive or negative. Indicates that static and current electricity are not separate areas of physics. Diagrams of experiments and circuits are included. (RT)

Discusses a research project of testing detergents that resulted from students' classroom observations of and questions about water pollution and suds. Outlines procedures and responsibilities necessary for conducting the experiment. A sample student data sheet is included. (RT)

Described are three programs ranging from short to long-term immersion in backcountry environments. Stresses that wilderness studies direct participants toward reconnecting culture with nature through advocacy and cultivation of the ecological self. (Author/CW)

States that the relation between school and reality has widened through the years. Identifies the dominance of cognitive teaching and learning over other methods as an unwanted effect of this lack of relevance. Emphasizes the increasing importance of practical learning (learning by head and hand) in general education. (GEA)

A survey of the academic requirements of internships, benefits in taking part in an internship, and problems encountered in internship programs are described. Results indicated that one of the problems with internship programs occurred when faculty did not have direct control over the experience. (CW)

Provides examples of such statistical graphs as line, bar, picture and pie. Suggests uses of Logo Turtle Graphics in graph construction. Includes several program procedures for creating designs with the computer. (RT)

Provides ideas on the use of toys to introduce scientific concepts. Describes lessons for laboratory activities using motion toys, synthesis activities for ending a unit, and other activities involving writing and speaking skills. (RT)

Describes an elementary school classroom project in which university student artists are invited to participate in the classroom prior to their student teaching experience. Discusses the mechanics for developing such a project. Points out ways in which this is beneficial for all concerned. (KO)

Describes a "Visual Arts Day" held in an elementary school in Kutztown, Pennsylvania. Art students from Kutztown University create an in-school field trip by coming to the school to display, demonstrate, and discuss their art work. Points out the possibilities for positive dialogue concerning the purposes of art. (KO)

Describes an exercise in which students use a hydrological instrument in an actual field situation to measure stream discharge. (RT)

A grid, constructed from two traditional distinctions of knowledge (experiential and research-based knowledge), is used to analyze the relationship between theory and practice in teacher education. As a concrete example, the article reviews how theory and practice are integrated in the Finnish system of teacher education. (IAH)

Presents three lessons to be used in teaching basic photography skills to students in grades two through four. The description includes the necessary preparation of equipment and record keeping sheets for students, as well as the objectives, activities, and evaluation procedures for the three lessons. (CLB)

Reports on a comparative study of two fifth-grade classes (Louisville, Kentucky) whose members learned economic principles through the establishment of a classroom grocery store. Provides a review of the literature relating to economic education and simulations, discusses the actual classroom instruction, and describes the instrument used to…

Presents evidence that high-quality early childhood programs can partially offset negative effects of childhood poverty and produce modest but definite benefits in children's education and early adult socioeconomic experience. Contrasts different types of early childhood programs and favors those focusing on child-initiated learning. (RH)