Effective learning in chemistry education requires students to understand visual representations across multiple conceptual levels. Essential to this process are visuospatial skills which enable students to interpret and manipulate these representations effectively. These abilities allow students to construct mental models that support problem…

Taiwan, an emerging scientific powerhouse, has systematically upgraded its knowledge production and international academic collaboration. It is imperative to understand such new developments. In addition, according to extant theoretical and empirical perspectives, disciplinary areas and faculty members' characteristics are also critical factors…

Researchers across many fields have called for greater attention to heterogeneity of treatment effects--shifting focus from the average effect to variation in effects between different treatments, studies, or subgroups. True heterogeneity is important, but many reports of heterogeneity have proved to be false, non-replicable, or exaggerated. In…

The last two decades have seen significant growth in e-Learning in many institutions, with the main growth engine being significant development of technologies providing access to information. These technologies have dramatically changed how societies and individuals communicate. The current study examined whether the paradigm of good teaching…

Writing researchers have shown increasing interest in the writing process of individuals. This interest has largely been stimulated by interest in writing instruction as well as such pressing issues as the writing processes of ESL writers and the effects of L1 on L2. This article outlines the diversity in writing processes of Pakistani writers,…

Statistical learning (SL) approaches to reading maintain that proficient reading requires assimilation of rich statistical regularities in the writing system. Reading skills in developing first-language readers are predicted by individual differences in sensitivity to regularities in mappings from orthography to phonology (O-P) and semantics…

The study investigated students' views of reasons for the adoption of English medium instruction (EMI) in Afghan Higher Education, EMI effects on official languages and students' preference of medium of instruction. It also explored whether students' gender, first language and English proficiency had any significant impact on their responses. The…

Background: Considering (1) that reading proficiency is fundamental for educational success, (2) the reciprocal relationship between affective aspects of reading (e.g., reading attitude and motivation) and reading behaviour and ability, (3) the alarming decline in students' reading attitude throughout primary and secondary education and (4) the…

Background: The aim of the present study was to analyze the association between course type and health among high school students. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 675 Brazilian high school students. The independent variable was course type (general or vocational) and dependent variables were health characteristics. All information was…

Purpose: This study aimed to understand university students' knowledge, attitude and behavior (KAB) toward sustainable development. Design/methodology/approach: A sample of 567 students studying humanities, agriculture or engineering at public universities of Iran participated in this study. A survey was administered to investigate KAB of the…

Governments have become increasingly concerned with improving the employability of university graduates in recent years, but most existing studies of what graduate employers look for are limited by their reliance on self-reported preferences. This study, which focuses on the UK context, aims to develop our knowledge of the determinants of…

Ninety-seven children aged 4-11 (49 males, 48 females, mostly White) were given the opportunity to improve their problem-solving performance by devising and implementing a novel cognitive offloading strategy. Across two phases, they searched for hidden rewards using maps that were either aligned or misaligned with the search space. In the second…

This sequential mixed-method study aimed to explore elementary reading teachers' perceptions and experiences of vocabulary practice and student self-efficacy to increase reading achievement. The quantitative approach utilized a Likert-type survey design shared with respondents through email to identify teachers' perceptions of vocabulary…

Teaching of reading-writing is a basic course for preservice elementary teachers. Before starting their pedagogical professional life, preservice teachers are expected to have high selfefficacy and attitudes towards the course. This study aims to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and attitudes towards teaching of reading-writing. In…

Forming and maintaining friendships is one of the most important developmental tasks in adolescence. Supportive and high-quality friendships have been related to positive developmental outcomes and mental health, both concurrently and in the long term. Friendships also protect against negative effects of adverse experiences, such as peer…