Prior theoretical formulations have suggested that client exposure to levels of personal risk and responsibility most conducive to optimal group development can be regulated with group structure. Analysis of variance results indicated the highest frequency of therapeutically relevant behaviors occurred in the high-structure and high-risk-taking…

The hypothesis tested is that workers in South Africa who typically hold western values will be more satisfied with 'larger' jobs in which they perform a greater variety of less repetitive tasks, but that workers who typically hold tribal values will not. (Author)

Examines the profiles of Canadian prisoners of war who were interned in Japanese and German camps during World War II in order to determine whether the MMPI yielded a profile characteristic of internees. (Author)

The relationship between the ability to coordinate social perspectives and levels of anxiety induced by the social context was studied. Results showed a relative failure to coordinate perspectives in the "anxious" compared with the "neutral" condition and were discussed in terms of social contextual effects on aspects of social cognitive…

Research on cognitive styles, particularly field dependence/ independence has implications for understanding how students learn; how teachers teach; how teachers and students interact, and how students make educational and vocational choices and perform in the areas of their choice. (Author/MV)

Examines the meaning of reaction time (RT) and the possibility that it may predict other cognitive and motor skills in the first year of life. Considers two competing models that specify the information-processing components underlying RT performance. Describes the neural data needed to definitively choose between the models and considers…

Examined relationships between early vocabulary composition, early language use, and properties of mothers' child-directed speech at 10 words. Found that, when the effects of the child on the mother at 10 words was controlled, there was a negative correlation between mothers' production of speech illustrating word boundaries and the percentage of…

Like sugaring, teaching requires immense patience. Superintendents can force textbooks on teachers but cannot make them use them. Not every high schooler needs an elitist, college-bound education, but no one needs to be bribed or threatened into learning or reading. Alternative texts and approaches can be used to help students discover a…

Offers 19 ideas based on learning styles to enhance student motivation. Includes tips for: conducting miniexperiments to identify peak learning times and conditions; varying teaching methods, mood, and pace; incorporating clear objectives, structured choices, relevant material, and humor; and keeping parents and students informed about learning…

Examined the developing relationships between false belief understanding and an awareness of the individualized nature of personal taste as well as a maturing grasp of the interpretive character of the knowing process. Results indicated that the concept of interpretation appears to involve a more complex and significantly later arriving…

Data from two standard-setting exercises were analyzed using the logistic regression model that assumes no variation in severity of raters, and results were compared with those obtained by logistic regression that allowed for severity variation. Results illustrate the importance of taking between-rater differences into account. (SLD)

A new analysis of data from 15 cognitive tasks completed by 93 subjects with scores on the Cattell Culture Fair test show that differences in Cattell score systematically affected performance on some tasks more than on others. Implications for theories of local and global differences in mental ability are discussed. (SLD)

Describes a study conducted at Brunel University (United Kingdom) that examined the effect of users' cognitive styles on their perceptions of multimedia technology quality in Web-based instruction. Presents the theoretical background and discusses Quality of Service and Quality of Perception. (LRW)

This microgenetic experimental study examined children's spontaneous application of analogical problem solving from story problems to physical tasks. Results indicated that 4-year-olds did, with varying success, spontaneously apply analogical solutions to physical problems across sessions. A few children even gave an analogical strategy-related…