It is concluded that equality of endowment is a myth dreamed up for ideological and political reasons. Educational policies must not be dictated by such fictions which fail to take into account biological reality. More quantitative studies are required to make equality of opportunity a concrete and realistic ideal. (EH)

Traditional test scoring does not allow the examination of differences among subjects obtaining identical raw scores on the same test. A configuration scoring paradigm for identical raw scores, which provides for such comparisons, is developed and illustrated. (Author)

Males and females who differed on measures of defensiveness and anxiety predicted, and in a later experimental interview evaluated, their verbal exploration and subjective comfort following a role-induction exercise. Low defensive-low anxious subjects were most successful in their overall participation. (Author)

Clarifies issues involved in use of heart rate as index of newborn attentional responsivity by reviewing related studies and concluding that heart rate variability can be used in studying attentional responsivity state, and intra-individual and individual variables. (ED)

Determines whether parents in normal families can predict their children's perceptions of family relations as measured by the Family Relations Tests. (Author/DEP)

In two experiments, judges evaluated fictitious protocols that varied in the number and uniqueness of the answers. Criteria for judgments were creativity, intelligence and gender. (Author/DEP)

The effects of task-focused and approval-focused desists were investigated under conditions of limited information. Eighth grade students heard one of two tape-recorded desists. They then rated the target of the desists and the teacher who gave it on personality trait and degree of confidence scales. (Author/DEP)

Study reported in a paper read at the Eastern Psychological Association meeting (Boston, April 1967).

Based on a PhD thesis submitted to the University of Iowa, 1967.

Part of the monthly Saturday Review supplement, "Education in America," sponsored by the Charles F. Kettering Foundation.

To investigate the relationship of differences in 2-year-old children's reactions to strangers to differences in their temperaments and their security of attachment with their mothers, a correlational study was conducted with 47 infants and their parents. In the first component of the study, both parents completed a child temperament rating…

Forty-four second grade students participated in a study examining the relationships between field dependence/independence (FDI), grammatical awareness, reading ability, and training in grammatical awareness. After the children were pretested for their levels of cognitive development, degree of field independence, grammatical awareness, and…