This systematic literature review addresses the increasing difficulty society faces in distinguishing factual and misleading information in the digital age. Public trust in information institutions, including libraries, is eroding, impacting decision-making and social polarization. While previous research has examined the role of libraries, knowledge gaps remain regarding librarian practices, detection technologies, and information literacy strategies. The main objectives were to develop a taxonomy of misleading information, evaluate detection approaches, identify user resilience factors, formulate an information literacy framework, and analyze the ethical implications of the library's role. Using the PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Protocols), the review included screening, review, and quality assessment MMAT (Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool) of literature available through Scopus and Web of Science. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. The selection process involved data analysis, which included extraction, thematic synthesis, and gap analysis. The review highlights the evolving role of librarians, emerging methods for identifying and addressing misinformation, the use of detection technologies, and the integration of information literacy strategies. It also notes trends in human-technology collaboration, changing approaches, cross-sector partnerships, and domain-specific literacy initiatives. The review reveals libraries' adaptation to the complexity of digital information. Implications include the development of detection skills, collaboration, and information literacy programs according to user needs. Future research is suggested to explore AI technologies, the impact of information literacy, and collaboration dynamics. Findings enrich our understanding of the role of libraries in combating disinformation.