A case study of a young boy's learning to read and write from the beginnings of literacy at age 5 up to age 11, after reading and writing have converged, is the focus of this book. The first part of the book, a description of his learning to write, discusses invented spelling, research about other young spellers and writers, the shift toward…

These guidelines, designed to aid schools in developing their own curriculum and courses, set out objectives for the development of the four language skills--listening, speaking, reading, and writing--and for an understanding of culture in the teaching of French in secondary schools. The guidelines assume that language learning is a communicative…

These guidelines, designed to aid schools in developing their own curriculum and to assist teachers in planning courses, set out objectives for the four language skills--listening, speaking, reading, and writing--and for an understanding of culture in the teaching of German in secondary schools. The guidelines assume that language learning is a…

These guidelines, designed to aid schools in developing their own curriculum and to assist teachers in planning courses, set out objectives for the four language skills--listening, speaking, reading, and writing--and for cultural education in the teaching of Spanish in secondary schools. The guidelines assume that language learning is a…

As part of the language arts curriculum framework developed in accordance with "Rules, Regulations, and Minimum Standards" of the Tennessee State Board of Education, this journalism curriculum framework contains the goals, concepts, and terminal objectives for journalism courses in grades 9-12. Following an introduction, a description of…

A study focused on how the writer's knowledge of the language and use of a prewriting strategy for planning ideas affect the quality and efficiency of the writing. Three hypotheses were developed about how knowledge and strategy might influence writing performance: (1) independence (predicts that knowledge and strategy will independently improve…

Offered to groups that wish to review and improve educational programs, this booklet reprints by special permission the "Standards for Basic Skills Writing Programs" developed by the National Council of Teachers of English and "Standards for an Effective Oral Communication Program" prepared by the American…

Commercially produced films and videotapes are recommended as effective tools for developing speaking, listening, and writing skills in English as a second language. It is suggested that their use with content-area instruction, where films and videotapes provide relevant schema background, makes language relevant and comprehensible. Practical…

A study evaluated the effectiveness of the Success in Beginning Reading and Writing (SBRW) program which is based on the philosophy that children should be taught to read and write using materials they will rely on later in life. Subjects, 59 students involved in the SBRW program, were given the California Achievement Tests as pre- and posttests.…

To understand and describe a developmental learning progression of choices students make in forming chains of relationships in their narrative texts, a study used the Cohesive Harmony Index to measure cohesion in children's written narratives. Data were obtained from 36 grade school children at intervals of four months over the students' first…

Three universes of discourse are at work when writers create or use a metaphor: the analogical or metaphorical universe from which they borrow words, things, and relationships (sometimes called the "vehicle"); the contextual universe in which the analogy is being used (sometimes called the "topic"); and the metauniverse, or the comprehensive…

A discussion of the language problems encountered by professionals working overseas and of how to meet the English language needs of these individuals draws on analyses of native-speaker discourse and on excerpts from non-native-speakers' writing about professional subjects. The topics of the excerpts include management, technology, and forestry.…

This booklet provides samples of student writing that exemplify the standards that governed the scoring of student essays on the June 1988 Social Studies 30 Diploma Examination. Copies of the two essay assignments are provided, and five student essays are included for both topics, covering the full range of student writing. Commentaries…

Writing instruction programs have become particularly important at American colleges and universities in recent years, but it is noted that most college faculties and their administrators need advice about providing useful help to the writing programs. An examination of how to develop successful writing programs is presented. Three sections are as…

Standards and assessments used by Southern Regional Education Board (SREB) states to place students in either regular college-level courses or remedial/developmental courses were investigated. Questionnaires were sent to 489 two-year and four-year institutions, of which 404 responded. Information was collected on the specific assessments (tests)…