Gender differences in spoken and unspoken emotional expression exist and may be related to gender differences in other realms, particularly in self-esteem. This literature review investigated gender differences in communication, particularly as related to emotional expressiveness, detection of emotional responses, and self-disclosures, in relation…

Individual variability in response to behavioral weight loss programs remains an unresolved and perplexing issue for health psychologists. Determining in advance who will succeed or fail at losing weight would be useful in devising programs that produce a more homogeneous and dramatic response to treatment. In order to examine which responses to…

Health psychologists continue to have difficulty identifying prognostic indicators of weight loss success. Psychological, social, and demographic factors have been examined, but correlations with weight loss are disappointing. Actual behaviors or quantifications of specific actions and historical measures were examined for their validity in…

Mexican American women have higher fertility rates and higher divorce rates than does the general population of the United States. In light of these data and the documented negative effects of marital distress and divorce on spouses, Mexican American women appear to be at risk for psychological stress. To provide some insight into the marital…

The Locke-Wallace Marital Adjustment Scale was administered to 35 Caucasian, Protestant couples who were married an average of nine years, largely middle class, and lived in Knoxville, Tennessee. Significant correlates of marital adjustment were organized into groups of similar variables. Correlate groups that were the same for the husband and…

Replicated earlier study of couples in first year of marriage. Conducted follow-up study of couples in fourth year of marriage who had participated in original or replication studies. Concludes that premarital relationships of the couples, whether cohabitation or traditional courtship, does not appear to have had long-term effect on marital…

Presents a framework for understanding the crisis of infertility which is characterized by extensive anxiety, damaged self-esteem, grief, uncertainty about the future, and estranged relationships with each other and with family and friends. Proposes some interventions appropriate to helpers from a variety of disciplines. (ABB)

Interviewed 1,020 spouses in 1980 and 1983 to test implications of exchange theory for fertility decision. Results suggest significant nonlinear component to determinants of fertility, especially factors related to women's roles. Neither sex-role traditionalism nor wives' achievement in nonfamilial roles had simple negative effect on fertility;…

Examined strategies married couples used to maintain quality relationship. Assessed relationship of women's perceptions of maintenance activities within marriages to marital satisfaction. Found little relationship between marital satisfaction and strategy valuation. Wives' marital satisfaction was most strongly related to perceptions of frequency…

Examined quality of life in married couples. Found economic and noneconomic variables to cluster and show two paths for husbands and wives to satisfaction with quality of life. Path analysis revealed agreement over financial expenditures contributed to satisfaction with quality of life indirectly, through satisfaction with spouse for husbands and…

Compared correlates of retirement satisfaction for married and widowed rural women. Increase in voluntary association memberships and health were predictors of retirement satisfaction for both groups. Other predictors of satisfaction included financial adequacy, frequency and certainty of aid from friends for married women, and maintenance of…

Investigated adjustment to insulin-treated diabetes among 20 adult patients and spouses. Found illness-related perceptions of patients and spouses were positively correlated and discrepancies decreased with increasing duration of marriage after diagnosis. Marital satisfaction of spouses was negatively related to knowledge about diabetes,…

The purposes of this study were to explore the multiplicity of farm women's roles and to determine whether a particular role complex is related to life-style satisfaction. The role load of farm wives appeared to reduce life-style satisfaction. Marital happiness is independent of all variables. (JOW)

Compared impact of bereavement on mental health of survivors (N=108) of suicides of spouses with that of survivors of natural deaths (N=99) of spouses and with married non-bereaved adults (N=144). Both survivor groups scored poorer than non-bereaved group on all measures; suicide survivors reported anxiety more often than did natural death…

Under a new policy at the University of California, Los Angeles, spouses of the system president and chancellors can apply for the title "associate of the chancellor" and receive benefits such as business cards, library cards, travel expenses for university business, insurance coverage, etc. (MLW)