Results of a survey of 55 Mexican American high school and college students suggest that Mexican American students are as competitive, if not more so, than Anglo students. There were no differences based on level of schooling or acculturation, but sex differences were found in interpersonal competitiveness. (KS)

Describes the development of the motor section of Peabody College's preschool orientation and mobility (O&M) project curriculum for children with visual impairments. Theoretical foundations and curriculum design, as well as specific applications of motor skills to the development of formal O&M skills are presented. (SM)

Discusses contemporary theory and research related to volition in education, and proposes agenda items for continued research into the construct of volition. The relationships among volition, self-regulation, and motivation are explored. A provisional model of volition in education is presented, and some assessment strategies are discussed. (SLD)

Twenty-nine graduate students training to become speech-language service supervisors were provided with 35 hours of lecture, role-playing, and simulation concerning supervisor/supervisee conferencing skills. Pre/post measures of conferencing skills indicated that the trainees modified their conference behaviors and achieved grade-contingent preset…

The progress of a Chicano prison inmate in a tutorial literacy course demonstrates ways in which writing can negotiate and reorganize race, class, gender, and power identities for both tutor and student, and legitimize the voice, native language, and discourse stance of the student. (SLD)

Cluster analysis was used to classify 257 fifth and sixth graders on the basis of their mastery, ego, and work-avoidant goal orientations. Results identify three clusters with different achievement profiles in science. Students for whom mastery goals were stronger than the other goals show the most positive achievement. (SLD)

A study at the University of Oregon examined distance education, looking at the demographics of the distance-education market, the types of courses best suited to it, and student performance as it related to demographic group. The study found that although certain students do well, it questioned whether there were sufficient numbers of students to…

A study involving 112 gifted seventh- and eight- graders found 87.5 percent were perfectionists. Most (58 percent) were in the healthy range of perfectionism, while 29.5 percent were in the neurotic range. Neurotic perfectionists were limited by their fixation on making mistakes, which resulted in a constant state of anxiety. (Contains…

Highlights contemporary sexuality issues that confront children, adolescents, and the adults who care for them. Discusses teenage pregnancy, sexual abuse, HIV/AIDS, sexual orientation, and sexual harassment. States that schools and treatment programs have an important role in sexuality education and that the costs of neglecting that role is high…

Uses field data to build a case for presenting sexual orientation as another form of diversity that preservice teachers must recognize, understand, and be prepared to live with, exploring the power of democratic principles to support the conceptual framework and examining the role of teacher educators in promoting democratic values that extend to…

Discusses impact of defining homosexual orientation on development and identity formation of youths who "come out" during adolescence. Four dimensions are presented: recognizing oneself as lesbian or gay, exploring sexual orientation through the gay and lesbian community, disclosing sexual orientation to others, and becoming more comfortable with…

Extended and tested Deutsch's theory of competition effects. Predicted that people view competitive situations as inherently more aggressive than cooperative ones. Predicted that leading people to think of an aggressive situation in competitive terms would increase aggressive behavior. Increase of kill ratio occurred in absence of changes in…

Reviews literature in lesbian and women's identity development followed by a discussion of vocational issues of lesbians as related both to identity development and to literature on vocational psychology of women. Moves toward a vocational psychology of lesbians that incorporates scholarship in lesbian and women's development within framework of…

Examines proposals for task-based approaches to instruction, reviews relevant research, investigates developments in cognitive psychology, proposes a framework for the implementation of task-based instruction drawing upon relevant theory, and organizes the methods to implement such instruction so as to minimize problems and maximize goal…

Two experiments, at both elementary and secondary schools, evaluated the utility of a behavior-analytic program to enhance effective leadership behaviors by two school principals. Treatment involved helping principals with classroom observations, goal setting, and providing feedback and praise. Results showed more effective behaviors by both…