The effects of college environments upon students' attitudes toward pursuing advanced graduate or professional study were investigated. The subjects were 1,178 member of the class of 1963 enrolled in 50 colleges and universities. Survey responses to a standard set of 23 scales were obtained at the completion of the sophomore, junior and senior…

This study used the behavioral contrast paradigm to assess the excitatory and inhibitory capabilities of young infants. Behavioral contrast is described as the phenomenon whereby the rates of responding in the presence of two stimuli, both of which were previously associated with reinforcement, change in opposite directions when only one of them…

This study was undertaken in order to identify and describe the nature of socialization of females into sport. A fixed-alternative questionnaire was administered to 585 women who were currently active in sport. Results indicated that peers and family were the significant agents of socialization during childhood, peers and school were most…

The validity of the Self-Disclosure Inventory and of the theoretical framework in which Jourard sets self-disclosure was investigated. Sixty-seven male and fifty-one female college students from various fraternity and sorority organizations were used as subjects. The Self-Disclosure Inventory for the extent of disclosure to the subject's best…

The assumption that the dyadic communication pattern (one teacher-one student) is the most effective pattern for encouraging language and speech development among elementary and preschool children is tested in this study. Fifty-six 4-year-old children from the Task Force Head Start Program of Buffalo, New York, were observed in four different…

Seven models of elementary, secondary, and college level programs which use students as aides to counselors and teachers are presented. The programs selected emphasize the effectiveness of student-to-student programs which focus upon academic, social, or personal adjustment problems under the supervision of a trained adult. Action possibilities…

In the study of the effectiveness of traditional methods of evaluation (high school GPA and SAT scores) and subjective methods of evaluation (self, peer, parent, counselor, and teacher perceptions) in predicting the academic performance of 47 disadvantaged college freshmen, traditional methods proved inadequate. Among the subjective methods, peer…

The purpose of this study is to analyze data collected from a predominantly black senior high school in Kansas City, Missouri, on what the concept of Black Power means to black students. The difference of attitudes according to social class and peer groups is investigated. Results collected from a questionnaire show that students in this sample…

Fifty-three high school males took a minicourse on library usage. All were randomly assigned a topic and given response sheets requiring the use of dictionaries, encyclopedias, periodicals, and books. In a discussion session, all received instructional handouts. Students were assigned either to evaluating two peers' pretests (experimental) or…

This study examines the effects of using a learning game "Equations," student teams, and the game-teams combination on classroom process variables in seventh grade math classes. Using the game created greater student peer tutoring, less perceived difficulty, and greater satisfaction with the class. Using student teams resulted in greater student…

COUNSELING PROCEDURES DERIVED FROM RESEARCH IN SOCIAL LEARNING WERE EXPERIMENTALLY TESTED. PROCEDURES WERE USED BY COUNSELORS TO ASSIST STUDENTS IN LEARNING HOW TO MAKE PLANS AND DECISIONS MORE EFFECTIVELY. SPECIFICALLY, THIS STUDY TESTED THE RELATIVE EFFECT OF STUDENT SOCIAL MODELS, CHARACTERIZED BY VARYING DEGREES OF ATHLETIC, SOCIAL, AND…

Resistance to endorsing peer-sponsored misbehavior, judgments of the wrongness of such behavior, and attitudes toward self, mother, father, peers, and adults were measured for 174 children in four grades. The results support Bronfenbrenner's findings that American children resist more under the parent and less under the peer than under the neutral…

Suggests that peer groups are a very important component of normal and successful classrooms. They matter to the educational system because they matter to children. The attitudes that children hold about their schools and about work are affected by their peer group relationships, which in turn affect the whole organization of the class. (Author/RK)

This paper identifies the politically significant others for 154 6th, 9th, and 12th grade respondents for the following topics: political parties, the presidency, Richard Nixon, and the war in Vietnam. Parents emerge as the most influential individual political socialization agent, with peers a close second. (Author/AM)