Compared equity in number and salary between women and men at different ranks within a sample of doctoral-level institutions of higher education (N=109). Found that at current rate of increase it will take women 90 years to be equally represented and that gap in salaries has increased since 1975. (ABL)

Literacy must go beyond reading and writing to become part of the process of empowering marginalized people, especially women. A crusade for women's literacy is both an educational and a political project requiring revision of content and materials so that they are consciously emancipating rather than perpetuating the status quo. (SK)

Examines the issue of moral relativism as it pertains to conceptualizations of gender effect on moral development. Reviews positions of theorists regarding the importance of formal and contextually relative criteria to the development of moral reasoning. Argues that neither a justice nor a caring ethic alone can solve the problem of moral…

While Carol Gilligan was countering Lawrence Kohlberg's justice theories with feminist theories of caring, Kohlberg was inaugurating an alternative, caring-centered, "just-community" high school. The just-community approach draws on Dewey's and Piaget's notions of schools as democracies nourishing moral development and Durkheim's vision…

One hundred workers from rural, urban, and suburban juvenile courts were interviewed to ascertain their perspectives as to factors that should and do influence sentencing decisions. The data demonstrate that the factors perceived to affect these decisions vary among juvenile courts, making it difficult to determine the impact of any single factor.…

Examines the treatment and education of juvenile offenders in two of the four types of Chinese juvenile correctional institutions, the reformatory and the work-study factory class. Discusses living conditions and food, discipline and punishments, informal peer surveillance, academic and vocational instruction, language of instruction, family…

At a commemorative ceremony, the 1970 shooting death of two individuals at Jackson State College (MS) was remembered by an alumnus who was present. The role of local police and National Guardsmen in the occurrence has never been resolved, and some feel it has been ignored because of racial bias. (MSE)

Describes a simulation exercise designed to help students understand the objections of U.S. colonists to the Stamp Act and other taxes. Includes a sample handout, instructions for the teacher in carrying out the simulation, and questions to compare students' and colonists' about feelings being assessed fees unfairly. (DK)

Presents a lesson plan calling upon students to consider U.S. law from a cross-cultural perspective. Explains that students participate in a mock hearing involving a culturally based defense to a charge of murder. Includes student handouts, arguments for and against the defense, objectives, and procedures. (SG)

Examines the sages of Israel's teaching on the relationship between ecological responsibility and justice among the world's people. Contends that the sages' conception of a God whose presence and will are manifested in the world offers insight to the contemporary discussion concerning the relationship between the global ecological system and human…

Discusses distributive justice in teaching social studies. Argues that utilitarianism is an inadequate basis for distributive justice because it does not allow for the primacy of civil or natural rights. Suggests addressing such issues in class to encourage student consideration of fundamental principles and their application to contemporary…

Presents the text of a lecture that looks at the declaratory, procedural, and monitoring features of a Children Act that would encompass lessons from the past to enhance the future of Scottish children. Also discusses four major questions at the heart of child-centered legislation. (TJQ)

Argues for a cultural policy that emphasizes pluralism, dialogue, and cultural transformation. Suggests that the arts provide a critical vehicle for promoting cultural equity. Uses the example of Hartford (Connecticut) to demonstrate the difficulties that face minority arts institutions and minority artists. (EVL)

Discusses American Psychological Association's (APA, 1990) "Ethical Principles" and American Association for Counseling and Development's (AACD, 1988) "Ethical Standards" as they relate to racial-ethnic minorities. Contends that philosophical premises that underlie these principles and standards reflect solely majority culture…

Distinguishes between civil rights, which pertain to legal protections, and human rights, which deal with basic rights as a human being. Discusses the worldwide quest for freedom, justice, and equality; and reviews the development of the civil rights movement in the United States since 1955. (FMW)