Compared the Marital Interaction Coding System (MICS) and the Communication Skills Test (CST) to determine the similarities and differences in the assessment data obtained from these observational measures. Coded videotaped marital conflict-resolution discussions of married couples with both systems. Husband-wife and distressed and nondistressed…

Outlines a conceptual framework and measurement model of the social cognitive processes underlying marital communication, specifying a two-dimensional configuration consisting of marriage-specific and general social cognitive processes. Studies conducted to develop and validate a measure of conjugal understanding confirm the proposed model.…

Compares two divorce prone men with two marriage phobic men. Marriage phobic men were fearful of getting married and used avoidance as a means of coping. Divorce prone were self-centered, hard driving, and reckless using acting out to manage conflict. Both groups were wary of the opposite sex and needed to be in control of relationships.…

Found groups for wives of gay and bisexual men to be an effective therapeutic intervention for the problems that arise when a husband makes a disclosure to his wife that he is interested in pursuing homosexual relationships. The groups helped wives resolve the issues of the marriage and to make positive changes in their lives. (Author)

Interviewed 30 Boston area men to critically examine the traditional assumption that the male role centers on work. Findings indicated that becoming and being husbands and fathers had a greater effect on informants than conventional approaches suggest. Reveals discontinuities between men's role attachments and performances and assesses the meaning…

Examined levels of acculturative stress and individual stressors and their relationship to levels of depressive symptomatology among young Mexican immigrant women. Women who in the last 3 months experienced discrimination, sex-role conflicts, and concern about starting a family in this country, had significantly higher depression scores than did…

Average household size in the United States fell steadily throughout the 1970s due to decrease in the size of family households during the first half of the decade, and proportional decline of married-couple households during the second half of the decade. The slower rate of decline in the 1980s represents a continuation of these trends.…

Examined the impact of the conjugal unit on church activism. Showed that the most powerful influence on the church activism of either husband or wife was the activism of the spouse, particularly the wife. Determined system properties of the marriage to be an important determinant, when other factors are controlled. (Author/KS)

Compared husband's role in single- and dual-earner families on perceptions of the ideal role of husband by both spouses, decision-making roles, and division of domestic labor. Except in decision-making, the wife's employment made little difference to either perception or performance of the husband's role. (Author/KS).

Compared older adults living alone or with only a spouse to those living with children, relatives, or friends. Found that those living alone or with a spouse were more likely to prefer to move into alternate setting (senior housing or nursing home). Findings revealed limited evidence to support view that residency with others is substitute for…

Examined effects of husbands' and wives' (N=85 couples) social cognitive processes toward one another on their marital adjustment and conjugal power. Results confirmed that spouses who perceived each other as unique individuals rather than undifferentiated role occupants experienced significantly greater marital adjustment than did spouses who…

Reports an analysis of the presence and sources of discrepancies in the class identifications of married couples. Suggests that differences occur, in part, because husbands base class identification only upon their own achievements and family income, while wives take into account the achievements of both spouses. (Author/ABB)

Surveyed 62 female social workers to examine the effects of support from supervisors, co-workers, and spouses on reducing burnout. Responses indicated social workers do perceive support from these sources, and high levels of support are associated with low levels of stress. (JAC)

Used a pre-defined list of family therapy intervention strategies to predict post-therapy perceived life happiness and marital happiness among husbands and wives (N=31). In general, favorable outcome for husbands was associated with active restructuring operations on the part of the therapist. Prediction of outcome for wives was less clear. (JAC)

Surveyed 352 college students to examine their attitudes toward work roles for women. Results showed the majority of college men were supportive of career involvement for their future spouses, and college women anticipated at least interrupted career involvement for themselves. (Author/BH)