Provides a brief history of the development of the United Nations. Identifies achievements of the United Nations in the promotion of human rights, the translation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights into binding international covenants, and the establishment of monitoring mechanisms to ensure the protection of human rights. (KO)

Discusses child poverty and child welfare practice in Canada. Focuses on the goals and activities of Campaign 2000, a pan-Canadian movement intended to secure implementation of the 1989 House of Commons resolution to eliminate poverty among Canadian children by the year 2000. (MDM)

Examined children's obligatory moral judgments, which reflect a moral requirement, and discretionary moral judgments, which reflect moral worthiness but not a requirement. Children were interviewed in response to three stories that entailed positive and negative morality. Results showed that moral acts conceived of by children as being obligatory…

Presents some major challenges facing employment counseling in Australia. Addresses strategic policy considerations. Outlines work of Australian employment counselors in organizations, single parents' work force reentry and rehabilitation to demonstrate different ways of reconciling the demands of efficiency, equity, and individuality. (Author/PVV)

Traditional evaluation approaches assume that consensus can be reached among policymakers, managers, and staff about goals that should guide a program. Evaluations of juvenile detention facilities and a home arrest program illustrate that consensus is not always possible. A constructionist evaluation approach is recommended for such situations.…

Uses qualitative research methods (interviews, classroom observations, and document analysis) to determine whether a rural midwestern high school's restructuring process serves particular values and silences others. Findings showed lack of consideration for social power and student identity issues. Basic restructuring elements (outcome-based…

Notes that creation of multicultural campus environments requires systemic, planned change efforts. Introduces and extends application of multicultural-organization development concepts to work of student affairs practitioners. Concludes that, to create truly multicultural campuses, student affairs practitioners must develop strategies to…

Provides information answering the complaint that individuals rely too much on litigation. Notes that, although notorious and suspect tort cases garner much of the public's attention, they make up less than 6% of the courts' work. Most litigation involves child custody, small claims, and property cases. (MJP)

Surveys student and qualified engineers (N=189) in Bulgaria via a questionnaire. Results stress the importance of the need for women to work for economic reasons and the role of the communist system in emphasizing engineering and gender equity. Contains 26 references. (DDR)

Students' (N=113) preferences concerning systems of juvenile justice were compared using gender and class standing as independent variables. Findings are related to three theories and attendant research in moral development; they have practical implications for student development and campus judicial practice. (Author/EMK)

In the O. J. Simpson murder trial, as in the Scottsboro case, jurors were asked to go beyond the evidence in the interests of broader societal interests. The case illustrates the racial polarization of the country, demonstrated in the courtroom as it often is in the urban classroom. (SLD)

Presents an interview with researcher and teacher educator Carole Edelsky, named Outstanding Educator in the Language Arts by the National Council of Teachers of English. Discusses her work in sociolinguistics and in literacy education, her perspectives on literacy theory and pedagogy, how her political perspective permeates her work, her…

Offers four judges' perspectives on the various changes in the juvenile court system focusing on the increased violence among juveniles as having the greatest effect on the courts; includes issues such as juveniles being tried in adult courts, the need to improve juvenile courts, and the role of public interest. (CMK)

Presents a way of approaching the reality of oppression in the counseling profession to ameliorate the pain and suffering that characterizes many lives. Asserts that mental health professionals can benefit from awareness of Freire's process of naming, reflecting, and acting. Describes unintended consequences of diagnosing that may be intended…

Contends that Paulo Freire's ethical agenda is situated in ontology, or more particularly, in the ontological vocation of humans. At the same time, his deepest motivation is an ethical one, seeking justice for the oppressed. Argues that these two factors-ontology and ethics-are in competition for the status of first philosophy in Freire's work.…