Schools are experiencing pressure to integrate into school programs the educational concepts that society demands. Other factors affecting educational administration are (1) conflicts over control of schools, (2) lack of confidence in decision-makers, (3) reduction of the separation between policy-making and day-to-day administration through…

Investigated with a random sample of classes for each of five categories of exceptionality--educable mentally retarded, trainable mentally retarded, socially and emotionally disturbed, brain injured, and physically handicapped--were the costs of special education in Pennsylvania elementary and secondary schools in relation to its quality. Data…

Administrators of higher education are facing a challenge and opportunity that parallels those faced by managers in American business. The economic situation presents a struggle to make ends meet as well as an opportunity to sharpen its role in society, to redefine its goals. Administrators in both fields are using management-by-objective theories…

Educational accountability is examined from the viewpoint of (1) history--the development of the concept from that of cost accounting to one of the educator's responsibility to parents and taxpayers; (2) new requirements of the Ohio state government for yearly reports on student skills in various subject areas according to sex, race, size of…

The urban fiscal crisis will virtually ensure major changes in public urban education over the next two decades. While the initial changes may consist mainly of "austerity" measures, more fundamental alterations could give greater long term value to the student and the community. The key to this transformation lies in the concept of…

This article addresses criterion-referenced vs. norm-referenced tests. Its purpose is to help the reader become acquainted with the uses, accountability, advantages, and statistical differences between these two types of tests. (Author)

The concept of academic malpractice is discussed in terms of student gains in consumerism regarding institutional accountability, and in terms of faculty rights to academic freedom and relationships with administrators. (LBH)

Ever-increasing demands emanating from federal and state governments, regulatory agencies, study commissions, coordinating bodies, and other entities have become a pressing problem for higher education. The impact on the smaller, public community colleges, which lack physical and material resources, is especially devastating. (JDS)

On one side of this controversy is the belief that goals should be established and funds distributed by qualified practicing scientists; on the other, that basic science should be accountable to the legislature and electorate. This dilemma is discussed in terms of agricultural and biomedical research. (LBH)

The Eastern Washington University Department of Education adopted an assurance program that guarantees that its graduates will perform to classroom expectations. If they do not, the university will provide remedial assistance free of charge to the hiring school district. Credibility, student marketability, accountability, and program feedback are…

A brief overview of how the School of Nursing at Ball State University successfully developed a merit and market system for allocation of salary increases is presented. A salary document developed includes: satisfactory standards, a market plan, a merit plan, and a procedure of implementation. (MLW)

Office of Management and Budget Circular A-21 governs the accountability of indirect cost reporting for institutions of higher education. The University of Louisville's development of a timely and accurate space inventory per A-21 prescription is described. (MLW)

The Tennessee Higher Education Commission's performance-funding policy rewards public institutions for undertaking comprehensive assessment programs. New policy guidelines that emphasize quantitative indicators such as test scores and alumni ratings are discussed. (Author/MLW)

Five articles focus on issues of accountability within the library profession. The topics discussed include the roles of library schools and associations in developing professional attitudes, performance measures for reference services, responsiveness of collection management to university needs, confidentiality of library records, and guidelines…