Numerous studies of written language development have shown minimal improvement over the course of an instructional period, yet these solely text-based studies offer little explanation for the lack of changes in writers' language because little is reported about the classroom and the participants. The purpose of this study is to use goal theory to…

Given the importance of writing for academic achievement, this study aimed to understand how early oral language contributes to later writing skills. The first objective was to determine if preschool language skills were associated with high school writing, and if so, whether they contributed directly or indirectly through school age language. The…

Literature reviews provide the literature that illustrates the common knowledge and the researchers' stand in their research. The literature review is designed with suitable organization and framing so the readers can build their knowledge. However, only few studies on the organization and framing of a literature review. Therefore, the researcher…

This study aims to examine the challenges that face EFL teachers in applying negotiation for meaning pedagogy in teaching writing skill. To collect qualitative data, classroom observation and semi-structured interviews were employed as data collection methods whereas for analyzing the data, a thematic analysis technique was used. The findings of…

Addressing the lack of studies on L2 online and collaborative prewriting, this study examines L2 collaborative prewriting through voice chat. It explores the effects of an online prewriting condition (individual vs collaborative) on performance in subsequent individual writing as assessed by text length, accuracy, complexity, and analytical rating…

We evaluated the validity of an automated approach to learning progress assessment (aLPA) for English written expression. Participants (n = 105) were students in Grades 2-12 who had parent-identified learning difficulties and received academic tutoring through a community-based organization. Participants completed narrative writing samples in the…

This experimental research described the effects of RAFT strategy on the writing performance of 10th graders Filipino ESL learners. Forty learners were identified as having nearly the same performance and grouped as experimental and control. The writing tasks used were taken from the actual module used by the Department of Education-Philippines in…

Writing in L2 is both crucial and difficult for teachers and students since most of the assessment in higher education is in written form. The production of texts as well as providing feedback to them requires time and effort on both sides. For this reason, prediction of future L2 writing performance in advance may prove quite useful both for…

This study aimed to identify elementary school teachers' perceptions of their writing experiences and examine the factors forming their writership identities by analyzing their perceptions. This study is a phenomenological study conducted with six elementary school teachers. Data were collected through a semi-structured interview form. The data…

The isolated elements and variability effects of cognitive load theory were used to alter the element interactivity of Chinese characters when instructing novice learners (72 overseas students at a Chinese university) in writing characters using worked examples-practice procedures. A group of characters with more than eight strokes was…

Writing is one of the four skills of language which helps in releasing strong emotions, clarifying information, stimulating memory and demonstrating mastery of content. One of the ways through which students do master writing content is peer interaction. Despite the importance of writing, employers still complain that school leavers do not know…

This research aims to test: (1) the effectiveness between problem posing learning model with Indonesian realistic mathematical education approach and problem posing learning model on written mathematical communication skills; (2) the effectiveness between field-independent and field-dependent cognitive styles on written mathematical communication…

Reading and writing have an essential place in the social life of individuals as well as in school learning. In this study, bidirectional relationships between reading and writing skills have been examined after gender and socio-economic level of students have been controlled. The participants in this study were 240 fifth-grade students from 10…

Although a growing body of research in writing has suggested that females outperform males in many aspects of writing, our understanding of gender differences is still limited. The present study aimed to examine the potential sources of gender differences in writing fluency and text quality across Arabic as a first language (L1) and English as a…

This article shares results from a qualitative research project that examines the similarities and differences in how composition textbooks and science-writing textbooks address visual communication topics. This research has two goals. First, it seeks to better understand how visual communication is practiced and valued in the composition and…