Tested whether individuals possessing traditional sex role attitudes could have their rape-related attitudes influenced by a psychoeducational intervention that had been effective with less traditional individuals. Results revealed that subjects who received intervention adhered less to rape myths and expressed less rape-supportive attitudes than…

Investigates the relationship between commitment and dependency in marriage, using a national probability sample of 2,331 individuals. Results indicate that income, occupational, and labor dependency increase commitment to marriage. However, the felt obligation to, or imagined commitment of, the spouse is the strongest influence on individual…

Used a longitudinal sibling research design and a large, nationally representative sample of 15- to 22-year-old siblings to study shared and unshared environmental influences on delinquency. Although no unshared family environmental influences were found for sisters and mixed-sex siblings, they may have existed for brothers. Data suggested…

Study determined whether student teachers' self-talk differentially related to personality characteristics of locus of control and self-esteem. Subjects (n=69) recorded self-talk and completed personality assessments. They mainly engaged in negative, child-oriented, external self-talk. Those with high self-esteem and internal locus of control used…

Surveyed 4,000 third and sixth graders and their parents and teachers, from 4 Chinese provinces. Found that, although only children scored higher on tests of verbal ability, were taller, and weighed more than firstborn and later born children, other measures of academic and personality development were similar between the groups. (MDM)

External correlates of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) profile scales were investigated in a racially mixed urban sample of 247 adolescent psychiatric inpatients and outpatients (140 males and 107 females). Correlates included items completed by the patients' mothers. Gender plays a role as moderator of scale interpretation…

Nonclinical, adolescent children of alcoholics and their peers from nonalcoholic families (total n=231) responded to questionnaires of environmental variables, depression, and anxiety. Although two groups differed on measures of anxiety and depression, environmental stressors contributed most to discriminant function that differentiated between…

Summarizes literature on identity formation in individuals from socially devalued racial and ethnic groups in U.S. Discusses implications for adolescents in foster care or residential group homes, many of whom are African American or Latino. Postulates that social maladaptation is reflective of identity disturbances created by negative images of…

Examined personality profiles and career aspirations of rural, underachieving seventh graders from low socioeconomic families who were selected to participate in college reach-out program designed to help students complete high school and enroll in postsecondary education programs. Students' career choices were typical of early adolescents,…

This investigation compared 19 adolescents' perceptions of the nonspeech personality characteristics of voice-disordered and normal-speaking children. Listeners, who rated recorded speech samples, showed a significant tendency to judge the normal speakers more positively than the voice-disordered speakers. Results suggest developmental trends in…

A scale of course appeal was tested on medical students in preclinical courses. Results showed that positive (pleasure, satisfaction) or negative (anxiety, grief) student reactions were substantially correlated with an independent measure, the Course Valuing Inventory. In addition, different student adaptation modes appeared to correspond to…

Administered Self-Directed Search to 596 American Indian high school students, 168 of whom dropped out during the time frame of the study. Found above average dropout rates for girls with Realistic and Social interest preferences. Boys with Enterprising codes had above average dropout rates. Lowest dropout rates were for girls with Investigative…

Examined whether learning-disabled high school students (n=141) had particular personality configuration on Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), whether they had particular vocational interest on Self-Directed Search (SDS) and whether there was relationship between MBTI and SDS scores. On MBTI, students placed predominantly along…

This paper reviews common emotional and social needs of gifted children. Two personality self-report instruments, the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and the Murphy-Meisgeier Type Indicator for Children, are suggested for helping students gain self-awareness and self-acceptance, which will enhance their emotional growth toward awareness of others and…

This study examined self-esteem at 13 and 18 years of age among 340 gifted students. Results found no differential change in self-esteem according to whether or not students experienced academic acceleration. Analysis of students' self-perceptions of other personality characteristics also yielded no differential correlation to acceleration status.…