Identifying risk and protective factors that serve as predictors of substance use is essential for developing effective prevention programs. Inconsistency in the data about the role of religion and spirituality as a protective factor for African Americans continues to exist. In this study, data were collected from 511 African American youth, ages…

Three measures of self-esteem were used to test the hypothesis that college students with low self-esteem would predict getting lower grades on an examination than high-self esteem subjects. The hypothesis was confirmed for the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory but not for the Ziller Social Self-Esteem scale or for the subscale of the Coopersmith…

Data revealed a similar pattern of personality, environment, and behavior differences between all nonuser and user groups, suggesting a pervasive social-psychological constancy. The same variables were also predictive of the shift from nonuse to use over time among the high school students but not the college students. (JB)

The usefulness of the Vocational Development Inventory as a counseling aid and the effect of post-secondary vocational training on vocational maturity are examined. (MU)

Article describes how teacher role conflict, due to conflicting social attitudes of student and teacher, is one of the basic causes of the current problems in urban classrooms. (Author/MM)

The major finding of the study indicates that the nongraded program was more beneficial to boys than to girls with respect to attainment of reading skills. (Author)

Active and intermediate participation, and nonparticipation levels were identified. The nonparticipating students revealed the greatest degree of insecurity and neuroticism tendencies, but obtained the lowest self-esteen and intellectual productivity indices. (Author/SD)

Investigated relationships among fear of success, locus of control, and vocational indecision in college students and these relationships moderated by sex and ability. Results indicated that vocationally undecided students are more external, are more fearful of success, and have lower ACT scores than decided students. (Author)

Examines the function of interpretation in counseling independent of its theoretical content. Reviews theory and research to yield three contrasting models of the function of interpretation in the change process. Discusses the relative merits of the three models of change and their implications for research. (Author)