Although a considerable amount of research on the anxiety experienced by foreign and second language (L2) learners has accumulated over recent years, it appears that the anxiety experienced by L2 preservice teachers has been overlooked. To address this gap, this study investigated the anxiety encountered by preservice English as a foreign language…

With its constant advancements, technology has altered teaching and learning in certain ways in the modern era. One of the most widely used technology-based teaching strategies that has been overly popular in recent years is the use of digital media in English language training. Yet, anxiety is one of many emotional states that are significantly…

Purpose: A significant number of studies suggest that both international cooperation (IC) and English proficiency (EP) greatly assist internationalization of higher education (IHE). Yet, more evidence is required to confirm their relationship. Hence, this paper intends to investigate whether any association prevails between IC and EP, and if so,…

This paper addresses the question of how classroom-based peer assessment practices can be improved in relation to student interpretations of subjective assessment criteria. To achieve this, this research study considers the possible pedagogic benefits and implications of using a comparative judgement (CJ) approach to the peer assessment of GCSE…

This study explores the integration of advanced AI technologies, including emotion detection and adaptive learning systems, to enhance second language acquisition among 274 English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners. Utilizing a pretest-posttest randomized control trial, the research evaluates the effects of AI-enhanced interventions on…

This study investigates the relationship between identification with the local territory, language attitudes and language proficiency in young immigrants in Catalonia, a region in Spain. The aims of the study are to examine how identification with the local territory affects attitudes and proficiency in languages, and whether language attitudes…

Young, linguistically diverse learners often leverage multimodality to more fully express their ideas in writing. To better support and assess English writing development, it is vital to understand multimodality as part of their emerging writing skills. In this study, we examine how drawings and written language are used jointly in multimodal…

A handful of second language (L2) studies have explored "bidirectional pragmatic transfer": "forward pragmatic transfer"--the influence of learners' first language (L1) on their L2--and "reverse pragmatic transfer"--the impact of learners' L2 on their L1. This explanatory sequential mixed-methods study investigated…

This mixed-methods study investigated language anxiety among Korean military air traffic controllers (ATCOs) when communicating with native English-speaking pilots. The quantitative phase (N = 81) used hierarchical regression analysis examining relationships between individual characteristics and anxiety levels. The qualitative phase (N = 13)…

Every year, the number of multilingual students grows, and despite best intentions, their learning can lag behind their peers. Leadership expert Paula Polk has identified intentional and inclusive coaching practices that will help teachers empower these students at every level. "Enhancing Instruction for Multilingual Learners" is filled…

Erasmus+ supports inter-European exchanges for many students each year. The participants were asked to take a pre- and posttest with online language support (OLS). The study measured students' English development via OLS pre- and posttest scores from 2015-2021. Mixed methods with an explanatory-sequential design were utilized in this research.…

Most English learners (ELs) eventually gain sufficient English proficiency to be reclassified and receive instruction without linguistic supports. Though well-identified, prior regression discontinuity estimates for the effect of reclassification are estimated too imprecisely to detect policy-relevant effects. Applying a student fixed-effect…

The semi-direct speaking test format has limitations, particularly due to its lack of situational authenticity and contextualized input. To address this issue, virtual reality (VR) can be integrated into speaking proficiency tests to enhance authenticity. In this study, a newly designed VR speaking test was administered, and test-takers'…

English is especially challenging for English second language (ESL) learners because of its significant cultural and societal implications. For example, idioms--multiworded expressions with multiple meanings--are problematic for ESL learners because of ambiguity in literal translation and reliance on the societal context. This quantitative…

Current L2 utterance fluency literature tends to operationalize disfluency as isolated, individual features. However, disfluency features often co-occur at one location or across multiple locations in one utterance. This study explores the co-occurrence of L2 disfluency features in a speech corpus from 71 L1 and L2 speakers of English across…