Discussed whether similarity affects the relationship between comparison and other-evaluation. Subjects read about an emergency, estimated their reaction, and evaluated a target who failed to help. Results showed increasing discrepancy between self and other's reactions led to more negative evaluations if self and target were the same sex.…

Two experiments were designed to investigate among kindergarten through third-grade children the development of character constancy -- the belief that other's or self's personality characteristics are stable across time and do not change despite changes in appearance. It is proposed that character constancy of self and other is a product of both…

Described students' evaluations of identical teaching methods of female and male award-winning professors in two traditionally masculine, two traditionally feminine, and two relatively non-sex-linked areas. Students attributed the success of male professors to instrumental qualities and that of females to affective qualities. (Author/JAC)

Tested the proposition that American older people are politically more conservative than middle-aged people, using the National Election Studies from 1952-80. Alternative conceptions of conservatism were employed. Results vary, but in general the differences between the two groups appear small. (Author/JAC)

Reports on a study that assessed students' ability to perceive their teachers' level of warmth and empathy and whether this perception affected student achievement in language arts classrooms. (FL)

Australian born male and female students listened to tapes of accented English speech and were asked to relate their impressions and judgments of the speakers' personalities. Results indicated that the nationality and sex of the speakers were factors which influenced the judgments made about them by the Australian students. (Author/APM)

Describes and evaluates a classroom behavior management training program in terms of student attitudes toward the activities. Results indicate students low in self-sufficiency had more positive attitudes toward group oriented activities. Suggests this evaluation approach can be used as a model for assessment of specific classroom activities.…

Rorschach inkblot tests were administered to 25 second graders who had been classified either as poor or excellent readers. The poor readers showed perceptual difficulties, less capacity for organizing or integrating separate facts, and less emotional reactions to the environment. Implications for teaching poor readers are suggested. (Author/GDC)

A one-year followup study of 482 children (ages 10 and 11) in their final year of primary school was conducted to determine the extent to which personality, behavioral, and educational variables at the primary school level related to their social, emotional and educational adjustment at the secondary school level. (KC)

A job involvement measure adapted to reflect course involvement was unrelated to age, sex, class rank, and tested verbal ability. However, it was significantly and positively related to achievement motivation, locus of control, Protestant ethic attitudes, academic satisfaction, and performance. (Author/CP)

Eighty gifted children were administered divergent thinking and problem-solving tasks, as well as measures of tolerance for ambiguity, locus of control, and self-esteem. The four comparison groups varied in intelligence quotient and ideational fluency. Results emphasized the consistency among cognitive and affective dimensions of divergent or…

An interactionism framework was used to examine relations between children's affective characteristics, intellectual ability, and personality in different perceived school environments. Over 500 12-year-old Australian children were studied and possible linear, curvilinear, and interaction associations among the variables were investigated.…

America's inequitable school funding system assigns urban children of poverty only half the value accorded suburban professionals' children. Beware of casting certain children as models of resiliency. Less articulate children also deserve adults' attention and support. Tracking, which isolates social classes, should be outlawed. One South Bronx…

Studied the relationship between racial socialization and racial identity attitudes in 287 low-income inner-city African American adolescents. Results suggest that beliefs in various types of racial socialization differentially contribute to positive psychological outcomes for adolescents. Gender differences are discussed, and a cultural…

This discussion of issues in the mentoring of African-American youth defines mentoring, identifies elements of successful mentoring, stresses the importance of recognizing existing family and community assets, and urges parental involvement and a program philosophy which affirms the value of resiliency in children surviving in difficult…