This report statistically aggregates 230 studies on the effects of television viewing on social behavior. All empirical studies that measured a social behavior or attitude of subjects who had seen a non-educational television film or videotape and which had a program comparison group were considered appropriate. Pre-post comparison studies and…

A comparison of photographs in four German magazines published from 1926 to 1933 with photographs appearing in "Fortune" and "Life" from 1930 to 1938 reveals specific patterns and techniques by German photographers, who later emigrated to the United States, that served as models for "Life" and for subsequent American…

Based on data drawn from a participant observation of a specific chain-owned newspaper, this paper examines ways in which the relationship between newspaper groups or chains and their member papers affects the newsroom and the news. Specifically, the paper reviews three aspects of chain influence: how the introduction of a chain-owned wire service…

A five-point, seven-item semantic differential scale was used to collect data from 130 high school students about their perceptions of foreign-made products and the relation of national stereotypes to product stereotypes. To assure consistency, the same product classes (all products, automobiles, cameras, and mechanical toys) and foreign countries…

THE RESEARCH IS PUBLISHED IN TWO DOCUMENTS--BIBLIOGRAPHY AND ABSTRACTS--WITH THE BIBLIOGRAPHY SECTION INCLUDING ACADEMIC RESEARCH, EXPLORATORY WORK, EXPERIMENTS, TRIALS WITH NEW METHODS, AND UNCONTROLLED EXPERIMENTS, WHILE THE ABSTRACTS INCLUDE ONLY AUTHORITATIVE RESEARCH DIRECTLY RELATED TO LEARNING. THE BIBLIOGRAPHY GIVES A REFERENCE NUMBER,…

PRECEDING AND FOLLOWING THE SHOWING OF A COLOR AND SOUND FILM DESIGNED TO EDUCATE PARENTS CONCERNING THE IMPORTANCE OF THEIR ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NORMAL SPEECH HABITS IN THEIR CHILDREN, TWO FORMS OF AN ATTITUDE QUESTIONNAIRE (APPARENTLY NOT TESTED FOR RELIABILITY) WERE FILLED OUT BY AN AUDIENCE OF 56 PARENTS OF CHILDREN WITH ARTICULATION…

Many typographers have already decided that sans serif type is more pleasing to readers and more functional than traditional roman type. The findings of this study, which was designed to assess the readability of, and reader preference for, these two styles, lead to the opposite conclusion. To determine preferences, 200 subjects of various ages…

In addition to factors analyzed in previous media research, the following three new validity checks were examined in a study of the audience's perceived uses and gratifications: the effect of time differences between administrations in a study, a comparison of respondents who claim to be gratified with those who do not, and the link between media…

Future research on mass media and mass communication organizations might profitably emphasize phenomenological methods (phenomenology being an interpersonal, subjective reality construction as contrasted to an objective, rationalistic, institutional reality construction). Some major phenomenological concepts important to such research were…

The agenda-setting concept in mass communication asserts that the news media determine what people will include or exclude in their cognition of public events. Findings in uses and gratification research provide the foundation for this concept: an initial focus on people's needs, particularly the need for information. The agenda-setting concept…

This study attempts to compare the perceptions and self-reported behavior of high, middle, and low authoritarian advertising executives, business executives, and members of the general public concerning the social effects of advertising. For the advertising sample, a total of 393 men and women were selected according to their executive positions…

The objective of the present study was to explore whether the concepts of immediate and delayed reward have any relevance to the content of the mewspaper. In his theory of instrumental and expressive activities, Himmelstrand suggests that instrumental activities tend to have a cumulative structure while expressive activities will have a…

The contents of this book focus on various aspects of studies in communications, examining relevant criteria for their disciplined study, evaluating present research and criticism, and suggesting future directions of inquiry in the field of communications. Part one concerns the technology, viewpoints, and categories of communications; part two…

Research on man-machine communication was examined to gain insight into techniques for improving interactive programs through the enhancement of communicative style. The human-computer interaction is compared to a conversation, and specific recommendations for improving this interaction are enumerated. The suggestions are general in nature and are…

Analysis indicates that the appropriate time lag between cause and effect--between presentation of a press agenda and learning of issue saliences--is from two to six months, with a four-month lag being generally acceptable for newspaper agenda-setting. A shorter lag appears more appropriate for television agenda-setting. Within the framework of…