It was hypothesized that learning problems differ for Indian students coming from homes where only an Indian language is spoken, Indian children whose families speak both an Indian language and English, and those from homes where only English is spoken. The student population was divided into 3 roughly equivalent groups by language category, and…

This comparison of correction of written papers by peers with traditional correction by teachers in composition courses tested the hypothesis that a statistically significant difference would exist in favor of a peer-graded group. The theoretical basis of study was the influence on adolescents of the opinions of their peers and the motivating…

The institution called the "junior high" was established in response to an accumulation of dissatisfaction with the education and with the socialization of the age group termed the "middle child", children in the 11th or 12th year through the 14th year. However, serious rethinking of the entire 7-12 sequence now needs to be undertaken. Studies are…

Age trends in conformity and independence, using a sample of 366 children from the 1st, 4th, 7th, and 10th grades were investigated. Three types of stimuli were used: (1) visual judgments; (2) opinion statements; and (3) delay of gratification preferences. Age-trends were observed for unanimous peer pressure, adult influence, and peer pressure…

The training methods used to develop peer counselors to colead counseling groups and provide both remedial and preventive counseling to academically able freshmen who have never performed at a level in keeping with their potential are described. Freshman subjects were selected on a voluntary basis from those who scored in the top quartile in the…

A description and evaluation of the Baltimore Youth Advocate Project (YAP) is provided in this report. This project attempted to find out whether, to what extent, and with what results certain children could actually be diverted from the juvenile justice system. The project provided coaching and counseling services to pre-delinquent and…

The time extended group experience is recommended for counselor education practicum training for the following reasons: (1) students receive an intense emotional experience that gives them insight into themselves as well as their clients and peers; (2) the class develops a strong group cohesiveness; (3) the supervisors are perceived as real…

Despite increasing recognition of the early importance of peer relations, virtually no systematic information exists on the way in which normal children view their emotionally disturbed peers. This research reports a replication of recent findings on children's use of the concept of emotional disturbance. (Editor/RK)

The development of the Castleton State College faculty computer literacy training program is described. Early attempts at training focused on the technology, but lost sight of the psychological variables that served as impediments to participation in the program. The peer involvement project is described. (Author/ MLW)

Examination of 390 Black American adolescents demonstrates that males and females experience very different structured forms of social support. Females report more frequent contact with network members, who were both male and female, slightly older, and met in private settings. Males report larger groups of intimate friends, who are overwhelmingly…

Explains the difference between a reading aloud to children program designed to motivate children to read, and a developmental listening program which provides a focus for listening in a whole language environment and requires response and evaluation. (SD)

By allowing students to enter imperfectly into peer group conversations with their own language and conversational habits and then monitoring their feedback while modeling the type that is most conducive to promoting true exchange, teachers can facilitate successful and satisfying ways of talking about writing. (HOD)

Reveals no gender segregation in peer groups until age six, through observations of 152 rural Kenyan children, 18 months to nine years of age. Developmental trends in gender segregation of children's peers are correlated with systematic changes in their environments. (Author/AS)

Evidence is provided for the substantial importance of curriculum enrollment for both cognitive and non-cognitive outcomes of schooling, as well as, by implication, for retention in school. (Author)

One notable gap in the evolving literature on bullying and victimization during early adolescence is the role that peers play in promoting such behavior by either reinforcing the aggressor, failing to intervene to stop the victimization, or affiliating with students who bully. This Digest looks at the limited research available on the role of the…