Environmental popular education helps shape indigenous social movements in India through a continual process of reflection and action that connects concerns about ecological degradation, subsistence, and marginalization. (Contains 56 references.) (SK)

Explores the emancipatory and oppressive roles adult education plays in the gay community. Demonstrates that mainstream adult education reproduces heterocentric assumptions, social relations, and beliefs, disenfranchising gay discourse. (SK)

Native and nonnative Canadians participated in a series of workshops on reexamining 500 years of history and redefining Canada. Assumptions about history, spirituality, education, solidarity, and collective action have been challenged and processes of personal and social change set into motion. (SK)

Economic crises in the Andean region countries have helped deepen and intensify sex discrimination. The contributions of feminism to popular education may enable active participation of women in the democratizing process. (SK)

In the early 1950s, Highlander Folk School administered a workers' education program for the United Packinghouse Workers of America. The program ended because it threatened the power of certain union leaders, raising issues for the ways popular educators can work within institutions to transform and democratize them. (SK)

Describes Paulo Freire's influence on adult literacy education in Latin America and gives examples of the practice of his ideas in Scotland, Canada, the United States, and New Zealand. Examines the co-option of Freire's work by mainstream adult educators. (SK)

Summarizes Freire's contributions to the concepts of critical reflection, conscientization, emancipatory education, and problem posing. Identifies criticisms in the areas of nondirective education, popular culture, dualistic thinking, and applicability of his ideas. (SK)

Four types of theatre uses in adult education are theatre for education, for development, for conscientization, and popular theatre. The latter involves a group's interpretive study of its own social, economic, cultural, and political conditions, leading to collective action. (SK)

Analysis of Portuguese adult education policies from 1974-1999 showed that an early-70s radical period ended with establishment of capitalist neoliberal policies. There is a strong dichotomy between formal adult education and nonformal education offered by community organizations. Popular education is marginalized and the state's role in civil…

A literacy pilot project in Botswana used Freire's methods to support participants in critical analysis of their problems. Program failure was attributed to inappropriate use of critical theory and premature termination. When using Freire's approach, desire for change must come from learners and power must be shared by facilitators and learners.…

Gives an overview of Hispanic American diversity in the United States, the historical relationship of the United States and Latin America, politics and economics of linguistic diversity, the importance of community and popular education in Hispanic culture, and factors affecting the education of Hispanic adults. (SK)

While there is a wealth of literature and research on radical adult "popular" education for social change, most of it looks forward and speculates on the educational processes best able to help the oppressed of the world overcome naive passivity and become critically aware "subjects" of social change. Within a critical…

An outstanding problem that has haunted most development workers in Africa has been how to effectively engage rural communities who often have no access to modern technological media like newspapers, radio, television, video and film. The tendency has been for development workers to resort to top-down or blueprint development approaches that…

The author discusses emerging trends in popular education, including various grassroots experiments and projects. He describes popular education not as a component of modernization programs but as a movement that begins with the people. (CH)

Fugitive knowledge constructed outside the dominant discourse by gay and lesbian people is distributed through networking and is the basis for learning to transgress in social contexts. Popular adult education is essential to the process of knowledge construction and dissemination. (SK)