Voting instruction typically provided to students is focused on educating for informed voting, but we believe it is essential that schools educate for informed and equitable voting. Indeed, in a well-functioning democratic society, participants need to be prepared to engage in critical, but civil, discourse with and about people who look and think…

The term "child find" refers to a district's ongoing obligation to evaluate upon reason to suspect a child may meet IDEA eligibility standards. This obligation consists of two components: a reasonable suspicion of eligibility and initiating the evaluation within a reasonable period of time. Because child find is a procedural matter, it…

Students with disabilities may require specific assistive technology to use their strengths to compensate for a weakness or need caused by the disability, including both "devices" and "services." As a result, teachers need to be able to use and support students while using assistive technology during instruction. Teachers also…

Sexual violence on college campuses remains underreported. Individuals who experience sexual violence face significant barriers to reporting those incidents to formal resources. As a result of these barriers, students can face difficulties getting access to support and resources they may need to persist at school. Pending federal regulations make…

Trauma studies scholars emphasize naming or acknowledging trauma to promote healing. In response to the recent political and curricular whiplash in the Commonwealth of Virginia, this paper investigates the prevalence and nature of traumagenic events in Virginia's social studies standards. Data analysis suggests that conceptual insights from trauma…

In the past fifty years, governments across the world have experimented with a variety of market-based reforms to improve public service delivery. Market-based policies have been particularly influential in efforts to reform K-12 education governance in the United States. Prominent examples of these reforms include laws establishing public charter…

The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to explore how Title I K-12 general education teachers describe their attitudes toward inclusive education with students with disabilities and what factors they perceive as contributing to those attitudes in California. The theoretical foundation for this study was Ajzen's theory of planned…

Utah Code 53F-2-522 and Board Rule R277-625, "Mental Health Screeners," sets standards for Local Education Agencies (LEAs) to implement approved mental health screening programs for students. The legislature has appropriated a $1,000,000 for the program in 2024, however prior the allocation was $500,000. During the 2023-2024 school year,…

Overall, there has been limited guidance from the federal government on how K-12 schools should implement their policies and practices to comply with Title IX and special education law. The lack of clear directives leaves K-12 schools with the task of identifying policies and processes that are the best practices in navigating the rights afforded…

More than 90% of IDEA funding is allocated to Part B, Grants to States (Section 611), which contains funding and policy provisions related to special education for children ages 3 to 21. The influence of federal Part B, Grants to States funding on state and local funding decisions is twofold: 1) it links eligibility for IDEA grants to compliance…

As the nation's demographics shift, schools must create an equitable and positive learning environment for all students, including English learner (EL) students. ELs hold diverse identities, some arriving from around the world as newcomers and others who are U.S. citizens born into immigrant families. Despite several laws passed over the years to…

Background: The purpose of this study was to increase the body of knowledge regarding the workplace discrimination experiences of individuals with disabilities residing in the Pacific and Northwest (PNW) regions by exploring their allegations filed under Title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Objective: The goals of this article are…

Despite considerable legislative and advocacy-based efforts to end subminimum wage practices, many Americans with disabilities are still paid below the federal minimum. Section 14(c) of the Fair Labor Standards Act allows employers holding certificates to pay less than minimum wage to individuals with disabilities whose work capacity or…

In recent years, dyslexia legislation and awareness has become more prevalent. Dyslexia is a specific learning disorder that affects a student's ability to read because they have deficits in their overall phonological awareness skills. While federal and state legislation has been passed regarding dyslexia, awareness surrounding dyslexia is still…

"Evaluation" under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) is among the major responsibilities of school psychologists. This concluding article in the series on evaluation under the IDEA provides legal analysis and professional recommendations related to procedural appropriateness. Specifically, it addresses notices,…