The effects of the presence of others on 120 young children's performance of balancing skills were tested. The boys and girls, aged four, six, and eight, were tested under three different conditions: while acting "alone," in coaction (pairs), and alone before an audience. The tests were divided into simple and complex balance tasks, consisting of…

This paper introduces anthropologists to simultaneous equation models and to a powerful technique for estimating such models. Characteristically a simultaneous equations model consists of more than one equation and allows for interaction and joint determinancies between some of the variables. Basically these models apply to situations in which one…

In an effort to understand the dynamics of the status attainment process, the effects of significant-other influence on aspirations were considered. Data were derived from group administered questionnaires of a proportionate, stratified, random cluster sample of Louisiana high school seniors. Utilizing data on 1,241 white males, residence controls…

The purpose of the inquiry described was to examine the ways in which characteristics of the educational environment of the home, the school, and the peer group accounted for change in performance at school over the period of a year, in which the sample of children selected for investigation progressed from primary school to high school. The…

This paper reports a study of conformity reactions of white and black children to the unanimous and incorrect judgment of children from either their own or other ethnic groups. Experimental groups comprised four subjects of the same sex and grade level. Groups representing all Negro were used; all variables were completely crossed. The subjects…

This wide-ranging discussion begins by briefly reviewing the background of the current small-group movement: what started out as individual therapy eventually led to group therapy. The term "therapy" is now being dropped and small groups are becoming a new, here-to-stay, soial institution. The need for an open, safe vehicle for self-expression is…

An effort was made to assess the relative effectiveness of different reinforcement systems versus traditional teaching with maladjusted boys. The subjects were 60 boys in grades 6 and 7 who participated during language arts classes, but total data were gathered on 26 boys. The boys had histories of aggressive behavior and language problems.…

The purpose of this study is to assess the relative impact on Mennonite high school students of various orientation sources toward the issues of war and peace. Sixteen sources of orientation such as family, religion, and media are coordinated with variables such as school attended, grade level, and sex differences on a 10 page survey containing…

Students at the University of Arizona College of Medicine participated in an exercise in community-oriented primary care. They learned basic principles of health risk analysis and community-oriented care and then designed hypothetical, comprehensive health care services for medical students by using knowledge of health risks specific to their…

This chapter attempts to reconcile findings suggesting that early adolescence is a time during which students' motivation declines and disciplinary problems increase, and those suggesting it is a time during which youngsters endorse attitudes and values consistent with those of their social structure. The aim of the chapter is to integrate…

The Carnegie Foundation has developed a new set of lenses for viewing American higher education that broadens description of U.S. colleges and universities. By expanding the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education from a single typology to a set of distinct classifications representing several ways to think about how colleges…

This book was written in an attempt to understand the experiences of young women who struggled and compromised to succeed at school, and in doing so, created new pathways to success. Chapter One introduces the five young women whose stories form the basis of the book. It discusses multiple definitions of success and risk. Chapter Two presents a…

Provides a history of youthful offenders and society's efforts at rehabilitation and punishment. Traces the development of correctional institutions from their early days in England to the current efforts involving intervention and prevention. Includes photographs, historical and contemporary statistics, and tabular data. (MJP)

The focus of this study was the psychological factors predictive of violence in school settings. Examined the psychological factors of impulsivity, empathy, and locus of control together in relation to school-based violence. Specifically sought to determine the extent to which these psychological factors can predict violent behavior by youth…

Presents a case study of a middle school with discipline problems leading to high suspension rates. The school implemented a voluntary peer mediation program as part of a comprehensive conflict resolution program. Discusses the program's objectives, selection and training of students, implementation, supervision of mediators, and program…