Introduction: Recent trends in training teachers of students who are blind or have low vision (i.e., those who are visually impaired) have shifted away from traditional hand-over-hand guidance and toward a hand-under-hand approach. However, a search for peer-reviewed studies that address the effects of the use of hand-under-hand versus…

Academic performance scores of medical students have been associated with many variables. Students' sociodemographic characteristics, study times and approaches may affect academic performance separately. Examining academic performance by considering all these variables together can improve medical education. The aim of this study is to determine…

The National Association of School Psychologists champions the use of evidence-based approaches to support all children and families, especially those belonging to historically marginalized groups. To ensure the protection and success of the most vulnerable students, practitioners must dedicate themselves to continually developing their ability to…

Dyslexia and developmental language disorders are important learning difficulties. However, their genetic basis remains poorly understood, and most genetic studies were performed on Europeans. There is a lack of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on literacy phenotypes of Chinese as a native language and English as a second language (ESL) in a…

Enzyme activators lower K[subscript m] (the Michaelis constant) and/or raise V[subscript max] (the asymptotic reaction velocity at infinite substrate concentration); conversely, inhibitors raise K[Subscript m] and/or lower V[subscript max]. But what if an effector moves both K[subscript m] and V[subscript max] in the same direction? Uncompetitive…

Rare diseases are usually complex syndromes, which sometimes cause extensive functional impairments affecting everyday life. The number of rare diseases and of people having one is increasing. Children with rare diseases often display special education needs and require support and adapted pedagogical methods to participate and achieve academic…

Schools start early in the morning all over the world, contrasting with adolescents' late chronotype. Interestingly, lower academic performance (i.e. grades or qualifications) was associated with later chronotypes. However, it is unclear whether it is a direct effect of chronotype or because students attend school too early to perform at their…

Early speech language and communication (SLC) development is a critical foundation for children's long-term outcomes in terms of recognised associations with later wellbeing and attainment. This short briefing paper draws on evidence from the literature, exploring the early factors associated with better and poorer SLC outcomes. It is possible to…

Background/purpose: Shifts in academic pathways among higher education students have become a critical issue in Oman, raising concerns for both students and institutions. Such shifts are influenced by multiple psychosocial, academic, and institutional factors, resulting in potential educational, psychological, and social costs. The purpose of this…

Research in cognitive load theory is increasingly recognizing the importance of motivational influences on students' (willingness to invest) mental effort, in particular in the context of self-regulated learning. Consequently, next to addressing effects of instructional conditions and contexts on groups of learners, there is a need to start…

Background &aims: Language abilities of autistic children and children at elevated likelihood for autism (EL-siblings) are highly heterogeneous, and many of them develop language deficits. It is as of yet unclear why language abilities of autistic children and EL-siblings vary, although an interaction of multiple influential factors is likely…

Research Findings: The ability to manage emotions is thought to be important for regulating stress at a physiological level, yet no prior published studies have examined young children's emotion understanding or knowledge in relation to the stress hormone cortisol. The present study investigated the statistical relation between emotion knowledge…

This handbook offers comprehensive coverage of the topics that are relevant to the field of adolescent and young adult development. The "APA Handbook of Adolescent and Young Adult Development" reviews the many factors that impact youth development across varying themes including biological underpinnings, cognitive and emotive processes,…

Children born to mothers with opioid use disorder (OUD) are at increased risk of maltreatment and out-of-home care (OOHC) placement. This study examines the parent-child interaction quality and home environments of 92 New Zealand children with prenatal opioid exposure (OE) and 106 non-opioid-exposed (NE) children. Experiences for those in maternal…

Background: This study examines the relationship between adolescents' biophysiological stress (i.e. cortisol, alpha-amylase and oxidative stress) and the development of grit and school engagement over one school year. Aims: The study aims to identify how objective stress affects grit and three dimensions of school engagement. Based on the…