Background: Parental anxiety and over-involved parenting behaviour are consistently associated with an increase in child anxiety symptoms. Primary school aged children also often develop a strong and influential relationship with their class teacher and how educators respond to anxiety therefore warrants investigation. Preliminary research has…

This dissertation includes three individual articles that explore the relationship between witnessing bullying and defending behavior among students who are bystanders of bullying. Chapter One provides the rationale and purpose of this dissertation and an overview of the three articles that comprise it. Chapter Two employed a cross-sectional…

A variety of factors are associated with the learning difficulty in mathematics in the context of Pakistani schools. This study explored the different causes of learning difficulties in mathematics faced by primary school students in Karachi, Pakistan. Using a quantitative research design, the data was gathered from the parents and teachers of…

The mixed perceptions towards extensive reading (ER) were shown by several studies of higher and university-level students in foreign and second language learning contexts. However, ER perception studies are limited, particularly qualitative ER studies with kids, and Bhutan has yet to implement and evaluate the important concept of extensive…

Purpose: Syntax provides critical support for both academic success and linguistic growth, yet it has not been a focus of language research in school-age African American children. This study examines complex syntax performance of African American children in second through fifth grades. Method: The current study explores the syntactic…

Self-esteem is one of the factors that influence children's social-emotional development. The level of self-esteem was determined by the surrounding environment which includes the family, school and community environment. At this time there is still limited research that examines student self-esteem at the elementary school level based on…

Background/Context: Literacy stands as a pivotal life skill, especially as it strengthens education across subjects. The elementary years are crucial for mastering literacy, yet national assessments show a decline in elementary students' reading proficiency, with only 33% of American fourth graders reading at grade level (National Center for…

This annual analysis provides a district-level view of Chicago Public Schools (CPS) students' patterns of educational attainment. It presents a starting place for thinking about why these patterns exist and what can be done to improve these patterns. The report focuses on three key milestones--high school graduation, college enrollment, and…

The paper describes the results of research based on the integration of a model of teaching in and through the arts in primary school. The research was carried out as part of the project which used dance and visual arts to engage with the theme of the factory in a class of third graders. The methodological instrument of visual tests was used to…

The ability to think critically in the 21st century is a skill that must be possessed by every individual. This study, uses a UbD-based problem-based learning model with a conventional learning model to see which learning model has more influence on the critical thinking ability of grade IV students in science subjects. The UbD approach was chosen…

Student learning outcomes that have not been maximized can be caused by one of them is the utilization of learning media that is less varied. The use of varied learning media can attract student interest and can affect student learning outcomes. However, in reality there are still many teachers who have not maximized the use of learning media. The…

This study investigates the effect of a female STEM professional mentoring program on perceptions among K-12 female participants. Led by STEM professionals, the program aims to enhance understanding of STEM careers. The findings reveal significant changes in the K-12 females' attitude and career aspirations towards STEM following their involvement…

Given the worldwide shortfall of engineers that threatens innovation and global stewardship, educators and industry must find ways to engage and prepare the next generation of engineers. To attract and train candidates to fill global needs, researchers need to expand engineering career pathway perceptions for students of all ages. Engineering…

This ethnographic study explores the crucial role of family engagement in educational systems and the impact a human-centered design team has on students' success at an elementary school. The research addresses the historical impact of racism and colonization on student outcomes alongside the ongoing challenge of narrowing the opportunity gap.…

This study extends prior research by manipulating both intervention and skill difficulty using a multiple baseline across participants design with changing phases in a virtual tutoring environment. Participants were four U.S. students from third and fifth grades for whom appropriate and challenging instructional targets were selected following…