The results of this experiment suggest that requiring subjects to simultaneously suppress subvocalization and remember syllables depresses performance slightly, but encoding of speech sounds in short-term memory occurs independently of subvocal activity during the memory task. (Editor/RK)

Research by Posner and Mitchell (1967) was used to investigate levels of noise processing in testing subjects' ability to "gate out" the processing of irrelevant and unwanted material. Three experiments are reported in which subjects had to judge whether two letters were the "same" or "different". Noise elements were included to test attention…

Explores the association between the relatively passive, sitting meditation and absorption and anxiety using a cross-sectional design. (Author/RK)

The instigative aggression paradigm, in which male and female subjects instructed a female confederate which shock to set for an opponent in a competitive reaction time task, was employed. Results were discussed in terms of violation of task role and sex role expectations. (Editor/RL)

Examines certain theoretical explanations of attention disorders in chronic nonparanoid schizophrenics that have been presented by several authors in the context of interference theory. Attempts to clarify divergencies in their theoretical assumptions by replicating and extending their research findings. (Author/RK)

Older people seem to have difficulty learning new materials, perhaps because it takes them longer to retrieve relevant encoding information from memory. To assess the effects of age on speed of retrieval, 60 health males from 25 to 74 were shown pictures of common objects they were name aloud as quickly as possible. (Editor)

Hypothesis refining is the combining of two separate rules (conjunctive concept), the combination of which is more accurate than either rule alone. Each of 70 subjects was reinforced independently for either rule alone or their combination under one and only one of seven reinforcement conditions. Tests Verplanck's paradigm, a model for studying…

Response latency (RL), accuracy, and confidence data were obtained from six subjects, each tested for 20 experimental sessions in a long-term recognition memory paradigm. Based on signal detection theory assumptions, functions were derived that described the relationship between RL and the separation of test item and criterion along a theoretical…

In a factorial experiment, 90 male and 90 female subjects were given (a) either instructions to increase heart rate (HR), decrease HR, or no instructions to change their HR; (b) either true biofeedback, false biofeedback, or no biofeedback; and (c) either instructions concerning cognitions to help them change HR or no instructions concerning…

The negative-contrast effect occurs when animals that are shifted from large to small reward temporarily drop below small reward control groups. The basic question asked here in three experiments was whether animals tested under a specific drive level will behave as though they expect a reward magnitude previously received, depending on the reward…

Assesses the validity of physiological versus learning interpretations of illness-preexposure effects. (Author/RK)

Uses an innocuous tone as the imperative stimulus, or unconditioned stimulus, as in a forewarned reaction time situation but with no overt response required. Evidence of conditioning and generalization to words is obtained. (Editor/RK)

Concerns the examination of conditioned stimulus--unconditioned stimulus (CS--UCS) intervals of different lengths. Demonstrates the feasibility of using a forewarned reaction time procedure with an innocuous imperative stimulus for the investigation of classical conditioning. (Editor/RK)

Discusses the effectiveness of using prompting in computer assisted instruction and time delay fading of such prompts to teach new skills to students who have difficulty learning by traditional methods. A CAI tutorial program which uses these techniques to teach time-telling skills is described. (MBR)