SIGNIFICANT EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH RELATED TO ELEMENTARY AND JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE TEACHING IS REVIEWED. OUTSTANDING DEVELOPMENTS IN THE HISTORY OF ELEMENTARY AND JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE TEACHING AFTER 1850 ARE PRESENTED. GENERAL TYPES OF STUDIES INCLUDED IN THE SURVEY ARE DESCRIBED IN AN OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH IN SCIENCE EDUCATION DURING…

THE THEORETICAL ORIENTATION OF THIS PAPER IS TOWARD STIMULUS RESPONSE (S-R) LEARNING THEORY, WITH EMPHASIS ON THE POLLARD-MILLER PARADIGM OF (1) DRIVE, (2) CUE, (3) RESPONSE, AND (4) REWARD. IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND UTILIZATION OF MEDIA AND TEACHING MATERIALS, THESE FOUR CONDITIONS REQUIRE THE EMPLOYMENT OF A NUMBER OF INSTRUCTIONAL VARIABLES. THIS…

This paper presents a model for a systematic method of training field workers in classroom research projects. The model was found to be necessary because classroom ethnographers have to hire and train others to gather data for research. According to this model, people are hired on the basis of personal skills in interpreting events and are trained…

Although predictive validation is the primary method of justifying a particular work sample for use as an assessment device, content validation is being recognized as an alternative strategy. Confusion exists over whether content validity should refer to the representativeness of the work sample, in terms of tasks to be performed, or behavioral…

This paper (1) examines some of the problems confronting persons doing research on adult educators; (2) presents a conceptual framework for clarifying researchable relationships among several selected major variables; and (3) suggests directions and approaches that appear promisinq to the authors. The first of three parts contains a brief…

A study examined existing literature on retirement practices and policy. Demographic change and the gradual development of pension benefits have led to the phenomenon of early retirement. There are three groups of early retirees. The voluntary retiree is in relatively good health, with adequate financial resources, can take full advantage of early…

These proceedings contain forty three- to seven-page papers presented at an adult education research conference as well as two alternate papers, a background paper for a poster session, and abstracts and background papers of six symposia. Focus of the reports is on research needs, tools, and methods as they pertain to adult education. Issues…

Support systems research has expanded its therapeutic horizons beyond the family, often using the concepts and methods of social network analysis. Recent network developments provide useful suggestions for support systems research in the analyses of social ties and social networks, and the implications of large-scale social structure for…

To investigate differences in the writing processes of novice and expert writers, a test of writing skills was developed that required subjects to write a business letter in defense of a particular system of public transportation in response to a letter objecting to that system. In the first of three experiments, significant differences were found…

This document was developed to (1) help clarify the various concepts of retention and attrition within a unifying conceptual framework, (2) synthesize the research on retention and attrition, and (3) examine the implications of the research for postsecondary administrators and researchers. Retention and attrition research pertains to both the…

This paper presents a model for conducting educational job analysis and the field test of that model on ten teaching fields. This model was tested for its ability to job analyze a teaching field's content knowledge according to federal employment guidelines. Differences between teaching and other job fields meant that actual time spent on a skill…

Results of a survey to determine student demand for religious studies content in introductory psychology and sociology of religion courses are discussed. The survey was administered to 382 members of the American Psychological Association and the Society for the Scientific Study of Religion. Respondents reported that approximately one-fourth of…

Intended as a source of information on matters related to the evaluation of literacy projects, this guide is designed to help evaluators keep a proper perspective on their work by proposing a wide range of options and suggesting directions for evaluations. The first two chapters of the guide deal with the general principles of evaluation and the…

This paper follows up on an earlier report that presented a theory on instructional processes that relied on a time metric. In this paper a design for field studies within this theoretical orientation is presented. Methods to obtain information on how teachers allocate time so that grouping and individualization strategies can be studied are…

Rules, procedures, and algorithms intended to aid researchers and practitioners in the application of generalizability theory to a broad range of measurement problems are presented. Two examples of measurement research are G studies, which examine the dependability of some general measurement procedure; and D studies, which provide the data for…