Obese women were treated in behavior modification programs for overeating. Behavior programs were accompanied by subliminal stimulation and by symbiotic and control messages. The symbiotic condition gave evidence of enhancing weight loss. This finding supports the proposition that subliminal stimulation of symbiotic fantasies can enhance the…

Preskills and strategy training were shown to be effective in helping four eight- to nine-year-old learning disabled children acquire basic multiplication and division skills. (Author)

To investigate students' ability to generalize auditory skills, precourse to postcourse measures were compared for an auditory training group (N=42) and a control group (N=7) on three auditory discimination measures: (1) the training sentences, (2) related but nontrained sentences (decoy sentences), and (3) a modified rhyme test. (Author/PHR)

The influence of frequency of occurrence of a visual stimulus on encoding processes is investigated, to discover what mechanisms allow cognitive processes to modify perceptual processes. Six experiments are described and the results are discussed. (MH)

The authors examine the special educator's plight in translating laboratory findings into classroom practice, in terms of the possible ungeneralizability of the experimental outcomes. (Author/PHR)

Two experiments were conducted to assess whether induced reciprocal imitation would generalize to an observer other than the one who imitated the child and to a task different from the one on which the child had been imitated. Subjects were 19 kindergartners and 23 first graders selected from a private elementary school in Holland. (MP)

In experiment 1, 48 first-grade children were presented one of four elaboration strategies or labeling instructions during a single study trial and then recalled 16 paired associates. In experiment 2, 32 first-grade children were trained over a four-day period in the use of an interrogative elaboration strategy or received labeling instructions.…

Investigated in two experiments involving 15- and 16-year-old mentally retarded students was knowledge of conceptual categories as reflected by semantic priming effects. (Author/IM)

Effects of an intervention that combined self-instruction with multiple exemplar training on the generalized problem solving of five high school students with mental retardation were examined. The intervention involved preteaching self-instruction to proficiency with one exemplar before introducing multiple exemplars and embedding problem…

Three studies investigated 3-year-olds' comprehension of indirectly and directly learned words after a 2-day delay. Found indirectly and directly learned proper and common names resulted in proper name mappings that picked out individual and common name mappings that could be extended to another category member. When additional, sometimes…

Two studies compared the effectiveness of two procedures (multiple examples across trials and within trials) in teaching 10 students (ages 10-20) with moderate disabilities functional word discriminations. The first procedure was superior in acquisition; the latter procedure, however, was better under generalization for most participants.…

Analyzed effects of modeling and contingent praise on infant imitation of three responses: motor-with-toy, motor-without-toy, or vocal. Found a systematic increase in the percentages of training and probe models matched by the three 12- to 14-month-olds following introduction of model-and-praise treatment conditions. Nonmatching responses did not…

This article discusses social skills training for students with emotional or behavioral disorders who have difficulty building social relationships. It addresses problems with current social skills instruction program, the lack of generalization data, and strategies to program systematically for generalization and maintenance of trained skills.…

The difficulties of generalization and maintenance in stuttering treatment is discussed. Three strategies for promoting generalization and maintenance in school settings are suggested based on current research evidence: probing and training for generalization; incorporating real-life elements into therapy; and training clients to self-regulate…

Notes that in communication research, attempts to enhance external validity usually focus on techniques to enhance surface representativeness. Suggests that the findings of a study should be examined in light of its contribution to theory. Argues surface representativeness is usually not a good indicator of contribution to theory. Suggests journal…