Kirkpatrick's highly popular model of training evaluation criteria proposed four ascending, causally related, and positively intercorrelated levels: reactions, learning, behavior, and results. This article examines the validity of the three problematic assumptions of the model, the frequency of each level in published evaluation studies,…

Describes Employment Training, Britain's new program for unemployed adults. The author interviewed employers, managing agents, and the unemployed and found a distinct lack of enthusiasm about the programs. (JOW)

Britain's Labour Party suggests two areas for reform in youth education and training: (1) increase the numbers of 16- to 19-year-olds continuing full-time education and (2) improve post-16 training by fusing academic and technical education as well as developing alternative vocational training programs. (SK)

Four strategies employment specialists can use to promote the independent performance of disabled workers in supported employment settings are described: (1) evaluating employee independence on the job, (2) teaching employee adaptability, (3) facilitating assistance by coworkers, and (4) transferring control of employee independence to…

Transfer of training to job performance can be enhanced by appropriate follow-up activities. These may be a combination of trainee action plans, assignment of an interim project, coaching, or seminars and workshops. (SK)

To address the education and training needs of the current and emerging work force, states must take leadership in developing partnerships between adult educators, community-based organizations, and the private sector. Other strategies include special training funds, resources for high demand occupations, entrepreneurship training, and tax credits…

Describes traditional forms of apprenticeship in Africa and examines legislative and institutional attempts to improve the system. Makes recommendations for obtaining greater cost effectiveness by combining on-the-job training with theoretical instruction, upgrading trainers, and giving them fair remuneration. (SK)

A Finnish government initiative will considerably increase adult vocational training. The plan includes development of a certification system and financing of adult vocational training centers. (SK)

Three types of mentoring are compared. Mentoring is contrasted with on-the-job coaching. Two case studies are presented to provide a rationale for developing a planned mentoring program. Essential components of a planned mentoring program are discussed. (Author/CH)

This study sought to ascertain the magnitude of the problems of unemployment, underemployment, job training, and job placements of blind and visually impaired people with additional severe disabilities. A survey of 32 institutions and agencies and visits to 7 settings revealed that only about 15% of this population is either employed or currently…

Work-based postcompulsory education has been hindered by association with discredited youth training programs. Interviews with 381 British apprentices (55.7% response) show how this form of work-based education overcomes disadvantages of full-time education, has liberating potential, and is an attractive means of acquiring further education and…

Provides background on the labor market problems motivating the Clinton-Reich initiatives on training and schooling and briefly summarizes the proposed strategies. It also considers evidence supporting or contradicting the plan's assumptions. (GLR)

Describes the system of general education in juvenile corrective labor colonies in Russia and the 500 vocational training schools in Russian prisons. (SK)

Binational pilot projects for the vocational training of young foreigners were set up because that population is underrepresented in vocational education in Germany. Workers need, in addition to specific vocational training, job-related foreign language skills and knowledge of the working life and mentality in other countries. (Author)

In Coventry, England, CEALE (Community Education and Local Enterprise) demonstrates the effectiveness of addressing issues important to people and working with them rather than for them. Its four models include training delivered by voluntary organizations, training through local issues based on community organizations, outreach, and second chance…