Reviews literature related to physiological differences between boys and girls and the relationship to mathematical achievement. The areas of intelligence, spatial visualization, and brain laterality are examined. Suggests further questions for research. Lists 30 references. (YP)

Discusses the concept of capability in relation to life both inside and outside the education system. A group film-making project at Edinburgh University which is designed to increase student autonomy in learning is described; problems of group process evaluation are discussed; and a self and peer process assessment questionnaire is explained. (21…

Describes the design of the Computer-Supported Intentional Learning Environment (CSILE), a database that allows the storage and retrieval of information in several media, e.g., text and drawings. Research on cognitive abilities and learning strategies is reviewed, learner control is discussed, and the implementation of CSILE in grades five and six…

Kindergartners and first through fifth graders in Taiwan, Japan, and the United States were assessed on achievement and cognitive ability. While there were few gender differences in curriculum-based tests of mathematics computation and reading, cognitive tests revealed gender differences in the fifth grade in all three cultures. (RH)

Describes 12 ways in which early childhood educators can actively display their respect to children. (BB)

Effects of instructional level, teacher's knowledge of children's ability, amount of teacher-initiated activity, and age on language ability were investigated. The subjects were 597 three- to six-and-a-half- year old Head Start children--40 percent White, 38 percent Black, and 20 percent Hispanic. All variables assessed had a direct effect on…

The Chapter 1 compensatory education program and the results of the Title 1 Sustaining Effects Study are discussed. Topics include within-case ability grouping and student achievement, quality and quantity of instruction, teacher expectations, labelling of participants, peer influences, and program eligibility criteria. (TJH)

The hypotheses that sex differences in spatial ability may result from differences in spatial experience, and that training can improve spatial skills regardless of sex, are tested. Meta-analytic techniques are used. Relationships between spatial activity and ability, and the improvability of spatial test performance for both sexes, are confirmed.…

Reports on two studies designed to prove three hypotheses: (1) five-year-olds can successfully learn a second language (L2); (2) early L2 learning has a positive effect on the development of children's cognitive and first language linguistic abilities; and (3) early L2 learning assists socio-economically disadvantaged children in overcoming…

Questions the plausibility of the unitary competence hypothesis, which assumes a universal structure of second language competence. New evidence, showing divergent structures in language ability subgroups and different influences of teaching styles on different language components, better supports a multidimensional model of foreign language…

Suggests ways to desegregate education programs for the gifted and to redress inequities in gifted education. The usefulness of contemporary definitions of giftedness, theories of intelligence, and assessment practices in identifying gifted students are discussed. Retaining African Americans in gifted programs is also considered. (SLD)

Articles in this companion volume to the "International Journal of Educational Research" discuss evaluation of computerized mathematics instruction for mentally retarded children; conceptions of science learning and instruction by academics; effects of language arts tasks on motivation and learning; and effects of study strategies on learning.…

Examines cognitive, metacognitive, and motivational factors as predictors of individual differences in the reading comprehension abilities of good and poor readers. Finds that regression analyses within subgroups indicated word recognition was the most important predictor variable for poor readers, whereas perceived competence predicted the…

The Hunter Javits Collaborative Project to identify and support mathematics talent of urban students is described. Program components include weekly seminars for students with teacher mentors, a summer institute, teacher professional development, and parent involvement. Characteristics and outcomes for the 45 elementary and high school student…

Describes a study conducted at the University of Iowa College of Dentistry that compared the effectiveness and efficiency of adaptive instruction with nonadaptive instruction using interactive videodisc patient simulations. The Dental Diagnosis and Treatment (DDx&Tx) System is explained, and problem-solving skills and study time are discussed.…