Although learning can be defined in cognitive, affective, or behavioral terms, the specification of communication, planning, or evaluation skills in behavioral terms is most appropriate in management training. Learning objectives are most effectively reached in a closed rather than open loop learning design. In designs, the learner's reactions and…

This article discusses similarities in educational trends in the United States and the United Kingdom, and criticizes the back-to-basics movements in each country. The need for further research in education and its application to the fullest development of children is suggested. (BH)

An outline of a proposed instructional system to help the accounting instructor meet the needs of a complex business society. (HD)

A self-instructional law course was developed at the University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy and has been well received by the students. The self-instructional method of teaching appears to be conducive to learning as indicated by the performance of the student in the course. (LBH)

Several citations selected from the ERIC data base, are presented to aid educators involved in the development, implementation, and evaluation of individualized programs for handicapped children in the regular classroom. (MM)

Practicing counselors and researchers are realizing the value of consulting with teachers, parents, and administrators. Counselor educators need to begin to train counselors formally and systematically in these skills. This article presents one training model in detail. (Author)

Problems with both sides of the "skills versus personal growth" dispute are presented as evidence that a third counselor education paradigm is needed. The portfolio concept is introduced as a means of assessing counselor trainees' competence against their own integrated theory of counseling. (Author)

A systematic, consistent design framework provides a common language for educational change. A performance-based curriculum design model within a learning-centered framework focuses instruction on expectation and allows for varied and innovative teaching strategies. (SK)

Project Adventure (PA) offers certification for adventure program managers and two levels of challenge course practitioners. PA feels certification is timely because other fields have certification programs that work well, PA has been using competency-based certification for their own staff successfully for 8 years, the field has recently…

Discusses research evidence for not including microcomputers in preschool environments; develops a theoretical base favoring computer use in early childhood that includes views of Papert, Piaget, Erikson, and competence development; and offers directions for software development through a review and description of successful microworld programs.…

Notes that while a number of viewpoints about adult literacy assessment exist, no one perspective dominates the field. Argues that both standardized tests and competency-based assessment poorly serve the adult learner. Argues that assessment of the adult learner can be conducted on an informal, nonthreatening basis. (RS)

Describes innovative methods of learning that sometimes bring a new set of problems to deal with. Describes how faculty compromise to facilitate the best education methods possible. (JOW)

Discusses issues related to the movement toward minimum competency in secondary education. Addresses the problem of defining minimum competency and the dangers of imposed standardization. Identifies three conceptualizations of minimum competency as: (1) the narrowly educational standpoint, (2) the concern with functional literacy, and (3) a more…

Describes a survey that asked alumni of the Kent State University School of Library Science to rate 53 identified library science competencies needed by new graduates. Competency ratings overall and by type of librarian are presented, and the implications for curriculum design are discussed. A list of the 53 competencies rated is appended. (22…

In Australia, an extensive system of competency-based training (CBT) has been established. Business, education, and unions contend that CBT is more equitable in matching training with task needs, broadening the range of abilities, and enabling portability. But little evidence shows that it reduces divisions between vocational education and general…